Page 114 - T-I JOURNAL19 4

762 HOSLER

would be cut in half (5). Recently, NIHF developed REFERENCES
a superhero campaign to celebrate these influential
inventors, including women inventors Frances Ligler, 1. Shambaugh J, Nunn R, Portman B. Eleven facts
about innovation and patents. Washington (DC):
inventor of portable optical biosensors; Kristina John- The Hamilton Project; 2017.
son, co-inventor of modern 3D cinema technology; 2. Beede DN, Julian TA, Langdon D, Mckittrick
Carolyn Bertozzi, inventor of bioorthogonal chemis- G, Khan B, Doms ME. Women in STEM: a gen-
try; and Yvonne Brill, inventor of electric propulsion der gap to innovation. SSRN Electronic Journal.
systems for satellites. By recognizing inventors as 2011;04-11.
role models, NIHF and the USPTO hope to convey 3. Glass JL, Sassler S, Levitte Y, Michelmore KM.
an inspirational message to girls and boys alike that What’s so special about STEM? A comparison
inventors have the superpower to change the world. of women’s retention in STEM and professional
Being creative with workplace solutions and edu- occupations. Soc Forces. 2013;92(2):723–756.
cational programming can foster a sense of support 4. Milli J, Gault B, Williams-Baron E, Xia J, Berlan
and encouragement for girls and women in STEM M. The gender patenting gap. Washington (DC):
fields. All of these programs are an important part Institute for Women’s Policy Research; 2016.
of getting women into the educational pipeline ear- 5. Bell A, Chetty R, Jaravel X, Petkova N, Reenen
lier and helping them maintain careers in science JV. Who becomes an inventor in America? The
and technology. importance of exposure to innovation. The
Equality of Opportunity Project; 2017.