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Financial support and conflicts of interest for all authors ulent data or plagiarism, during or after the publication
must be declared. Further information on this can be process, they will be investigated by the editorial board,
obtained from the International Committee for Medical including contact with the author’s institution if necessary
Journal Editors (http://www.icmje.org/). so that a decision on the appropriate corrections, clarifi-
cations, or retractions can be made. The publisher agrees
The reported research must be novel and authentic and to publish this as necessary so as to maintain the integrity
the authors should confirm that the same data has not of the academic record.
been and is not going to be submitted to another journal
(unless already rejected). Statements made in the introduc-
tion and discussion should be supported by appropriate Protection for Research Participants
references, and sufficient experimental detail should be pro- These policies are in accordance with the recommenda-
vided to allow for repetition of the study by another group. tions of The International Committee of Medical Journal
Plagiarism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could Editors (ICMJE)
result in retraction of an accepted article. Any text or fig-
ures reproduced for another source require the permission n Humans
of the original copyright holders (normally the publishers). 1. If experiments or research reported in the article
Any manipulation of figures should be equally applied and involve human subjects, the authors must indicate
described in the text (including pseudocoloring) and must if their procedures were approved by an Institu-
not change the meaning of the figure. tional Review Board, ethics committee, or similar
regulatory oversight committee. If a review board
When humans, animals, or tissue derived from them have or committee is not available, the authors should
been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval indicate that their procedures are in accordance
must be included in the manuscript. with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013.
Reviewer responsibilities: Reviewers are expected to 2. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement
not possess any conflicts of interest with the authors and that the informed consent of research participants
research. They should review the science objectively and was obtained prior to participation or that docu-
provide recommendations for improvements where nec- mentation of informed consent was waived by the
essary. When aware of relevant published work not being Institutional Review Board, ethics committee, or
cited, the reviewers should recommend inclusion of these similar regulatory oversight committee.
references. If the reviewer feels that they would be unable
to repeat the study as described, then additional meth- If images or other identifying information is included in
odological details should be requested. Any unpublished the manuscript, explicit written informed consent of the
information read by a reviewer should be treated as con- individual/patient must be obtained and included with
fidential. your submission. Measures to protect the confidentiality
of the individual(s) should also be employed. If consent
Editorial responsibilities: The editors will select an appro- cannot be obtained, you are encouraged to contact the edi-
priate number of reviewers for the manuscript so that they tor for further guidance.
can make an informed decision about whether to reject/
accept a manuscript. Their decision must be based only on n Animals
the paper’s importance, originality, clarity, and suitability If experiments or research reported in the article involve
for the journal. They must not have a conflict of interest animals, the authors must indicate if their procedures were
with the authors or work described. The anonymity of the performed in accordance with the U.S. Public Health Ser-
reviewers must be maintained.
vice’s (PHS) Policy on Human Care and Use of Laboratory
Should problems come to light after acceptance, then the Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
editors agree to promote the publication of corrections Animals and were approved by appropriate institutional
and/or retractions as deemed necessary. review committee(s).
Publishing responsibilities: The publisher agrees to ensure Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts if there is
that, to the best of their abilities, the information that they doubt that appropriate ethical standards have not been
publish is genuine and ethically sound. If publishing ethics met in research involving human and animal subjects or
issues come to light, not limited to accusations of fraud- if there is reason to suspect research misconduct.