Page 31 - Health & Physical edu- 8

Polio Polio Within six weeks Three times Within the inter-
drops to one year from val of minimum
birth four weeks from
the first vaccina-
tion

Measles Measles Within 9 months Once -
to one year

T.T. Tetanus For pregnant and Five times The second after
other women four weeks from
aged between 15 the first, then
to 44 years. next after six
months, the third
after one year and
last one after next
one year.

e. Use of Toilet and Formation of Open-Defecation Free Community

The main source of communicable diseases is human defecation. If we defecate

in the open places, the bacteria as well as parasites mix in the soil, water and air
which finally pollute the environment. Therefore, in order to manage stool and urine
properly, we have to use the toilets compulsorily.

Some Communicable Diseases

1. Meningitis

The brain and spinal cord are covered by a type of membrane which is called
meninges. The inflammation in the same meninges is known as meningitis. Although,

this disease can be found in people of all ages, it communicates very quickly among
children. This disease is caused by the bacterium named Neisseria meningitides.
This disease may communicate through kissing, sexual intercourse, or frequent
attachment with the patient. Some of the symptoms of this disease are: high fever,
vomiting, neck stiffness, headache, etc. Similarly, the patient may shiver, faint and
in the case of babies under 18 months, swelling of palate may be the symptom.

Preventive Measures

a. Keep the patient in a separate room (Isolate the patient).

Health & Physical Education, Class-8 27