Page 109 - 9 teachers social book 9 @ 2077 ctp_Neat

To develop a country where peace is not enough
but it needs sustainable peace. The sustainable
peace is acquired by the permanent management
of conflict. Therefore, many scholars of peace
studies realized the changing attitude of people
and pattern of peace. They started the issue
of sustainable peace approach known as peace
culture. In 1989 AD the idea of peace culture
was first discussed at the UNESCO congress.
A Norwegian sociologist Dr. Elise M. Boulding
(1920-2010 AD) got this idea to write a book
"cultures of peace in 2000 AD. The concept of
peace culture became global. People even started her calling the matriarch of the
th
20 century peace research movement." But the UN General Assembly had started
adopting peace resolution every year to support peace culture.

The 1998 UN Resolution on a culture of peace and non-violence prepared 9 Articles.
The resolution has defined “the culture of peace is an integral approach to prevent
violence and violent conflicts and an alternative to the culture of war and violence”.

The UN declared the “International Decade of Peace Culture” from 2001 to 2010 AD.
The definition of peace culture given by the UNO is “a culture of people is a set
of values, attitudes, traditions and modes of behaviour and ways of life based on
respect for life, ending of violence and promotion and practice of non-violence through
education, dialogue and cooperation”. The major key points passed by the UNO in its
manifesto are respect for life, reject violence, share with others, listen to understand,
preserve the planet and discover solidarity.

The scholar and the original designer of the UNESCO Peace Culture Programme
David Adams differentiate Peace Culture and War Culture in the following ways:
Sl. No. Peace Culture War Culture

1. Education for a culture of peace Belief in power based on force
2. Understanding, tolerance and solidarity Having an enemy

3. Democratic participation Authoritarian government
4. Free flow of information Secrecy and propaganda

5. Disarmament Armament
6. Human rights Exploitation of people

7. Sustainable development Exploitation of nature
8. Equality between women and men Male domination

109 Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX