Page 54 - Health, Population and Environment Education 10

Activity: 5

Prepare a project work on contraceptive methods based on the following topics:
i. Introduction ii. Types iii. Use of devices
iv. Advantages and disadvantages v. Conclusion

Summary
1. Demography is the scientific, mathematical and statistical study of population in
relation to population size, structure, density, distribution, composition, etc.
2. Population is dynamic in nature. It keeps on changing time and again. It never remains
constant. Birth, death and migration are actually responsible for change of population.
3. Those elements which are responsible for change of population in a place are called
as demographic components.
4. Imigration (internal migration) and immigration (international migration
increase the population whereas out migration (internal migration) and
emigration(international migration) decrease the population of a place.
5. The performance of demographic components is called demographic processes.
Fertility, mortality and migration are demographic processes.
6. The mathematical representation of demographic components is called demographic
measurement. It is presented in rates and ratios.
7. Fertility is the actual birth performance of a female or total children given birth by
female during the reproductive period.
8. Fecundity is the capability of male and female to take part in reproduction. It is the biological
and physiological potentiality to bear children. It is related to both male and female.
9. The total live births taken place among 1000 mid year population in a certain place
in a year is called as crude birth rate (CBR).
10. The total live births given by 1000 women of child bearing period (15-49) years in a
place in a year is called as general fertility rate.
11. Total live births given by 1000 women of a specific age group in child bearing period
in a place in a year is called as age specific fertility rate (ASFR).
12. Total fertility rate is an index of child bearing performance of a woman in child
bearing period. It can simply be said as the average children given birth by a
woman/female during her child bearing period in a place.
13. The total deaths among 1000 mid year population in a place in a year is called as
crude death rate.
14. The total deaths of specific age group of people in 1000 mid year population of the
same age group of people in a place in a year is called as age specific death rate.
15. Total deaths of infants in 1000 live births in a place in a year is called as infant
mortality rate.
16. Maternal mortality rate is defined as total deaths of mothers in 100000 live births in
a place in a year especially due to problems related to reproduction and pregnancy.
17. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another either permanently
or temporarily due to various reasons.

54 GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10