Page 89 - Health, Population and Environment Education 10

a. Forest conservation
Forest is very much important for us. It provides
us fresh air, raw materials for industries, conserves
underground water, preserves wildlife etc. Due to
increase of population, there is increase of depletion
of forest. Hence, forest should be conserved
for conservation of environment. For this, the
local, national, governmental and international
organizations are making efforts. Ministry of
Forest and Land Conservation and its concerned
departments, Ministry of Agriculture and its Fig: 23
concerned departments, etc. prepare different plans and polices as well as implement
the conservation programmes. Various local and international organizations generate
awareness regarding importance of forest as well as organize plantation programmes.
There has been establishment of community forestry programmes in many parts of nation.
Moreover, knowledge on forest and other resources is given under different syllabus and
curriculum in school and universities. These all support in conservation of environment.

b. Land conservation
The measures adopted for avoiding erosion of soil
is called land conservation. Land is also equally
important for us. People live on land, grow different
crops, fruits and vegetables. But with the increase
of population and unmanaged urbanization, there
is increase in degradation of land. Hence, various
activities need to be performed for conservation
of land. People must do scientific farming, terrace
farming, use good quality seeds and good irrigation Fig: 24
system. They need to use appropriate amount of
chemical fertilizers and compost manure. Moreover, the Ministry of Forest and Land
Conservation and Ministry of Agriculture have implemented various programmes on
conservation of land. The need of land conservation has been included in the syllabus
and curriculum of school and universities.

c. Solid Waste Management
Different types of solid wastes are produced from different sources like home, market,
industry, office, hospital, etc. Many of those wastes are not properly managed and dumped
randomly. Hence, the solid wastes should be properly managed. The biodegradable
wastes should be converted into compost whereas non-biodegradable wastes should
be reused and recycled. Different municipalities and metropolitan cities have launched
different programmes for solid waste management. Kathmandu Metropolitan City has
installed machines to generate electricity, biogas, chemical fertilizers and purification
of water from solid waste produced. Pokhara Metropolitan city has also arranged for
generation of electricity from the solid wastes. Various other municipalities collect solid

GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10 89