Page 181 - policy and procedure infection control
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Policies and Procedures on Infection Control
2. Carbapenems
• Imipenem
• Meropenem
• Ertapenem
3. Quinolones
• Ciprofloxacin
• Pefloxacin
4. Aminoglycoside
• Gentamicin
• Netilmicin
• Amikacin
5. Antibiotic indicated for MRSA infection
• Vancomycin
• Linezolid
6. Anti-pseudomonal penicillins
• Piperacillin/Tazobactam
12.3.2 Monitoring antimicrobial use using aggregated data on Defined Daily
Dose (DDD)
Antimicrobial use express as Defined Daily Dose per 1000 patient days is
accepted to be used as this is a WHO standard for drug utilization studies. DDD
for each drug is as listed above [DDD] and the calculation is as follows:
Total Antibiotic Usage (Grams) for Adults Inpatient in a year = No of DDD’s per year
DDD* (from WHO)
For 1000 adults inpatients days :
No of DDD’s per year X 1000 = No of DDD’s per 1000 patients days
No of patients days/warded for that particular year
170 Ministry of Health Malaysia
