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CHAPTER 16 Betty Neuman 293

CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITIES
Community as Client What factors in the lines of defense support
Select one organization with which you are familiar healthy organizational functioning?
that would be considered a community, based on it 2. What stressors, actual or potential, may disrupt
having face-to-face interaction and a shared set of the organization as a system and result in change?
interests or values. This could be a church, an 3. If the perceptions of goals by the members and
employing organization, or a civic group. Use the the leaders differ, how can the differences be
Neuman Systems Model as a framework to analyze resolved for mutual goal setting that will be
the organization as a community-client and to beneficial for the organization?
support organizational planning, as follows: 4. What prevention as intervention strategies would
1. What is the basic structure (core)? What factors support the organization in making changes
in the lines of resistance support the status quo? successful?

POINTS FOR FURTHER STUDY

n Geib, K. (2010). Neuman System’s Model in nurs- n Lists of Neuman research publications at: www.
ing practice. In M. R. Alligood, (Ed.), Nursing neumann.edu/academics/undergrad/nursing/
theory: Utilization and application (4th ed., model
pp. 235–260). Maryland Heights, (MO): Mosby- n The Neuman Archives that preserve and protect
Elsevier at: www.neumansystemsmodel.org works related to the model are housed in the
n Neuman, B., & Fawcett, J. (2011). The Neuman Neumann College Library in Aston, (PA).
systems model (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, (NJ):
Pearson.
n Neuman, B., & Reed, K. S. (2007). A Neuman
systems model perspective on nursing in 2050.
Nursing Science Quarterly, 20(2), 111–113.

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