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CHAPTER 31 Georgene Gaskill Eakes; Mary Lermann Burke; Margaret A. Hainsworth 611

she received her nursing science doctorate in Family dissertation research, Chronic Sorrow in Mothers of
Studies from Boston University. School-Age Children with Myelomeningocele.
Burke was inducted into Theta Chapter, Sigma In June 1989, Burke presented her dissertation re-
Theta Tau, during her master’s program at Boston search at the Sigma Theta Tau International Research
University in 1981 and became a charter member of Congress in Taipei, Taiwan, where she interacted
Delta Upsilon Chapter-at-Large of Sigma Theta Tau at with Dr. Eakes of East Carolina University and
Rhode Island College in 1988. She received a Doctoral Dr. Hainsworth of Rhode Island College. Subsequently,
Student Scholarship Award from Theta Chapter in this group became the NCRCS, joined briefly by
1988 and the Delta Upsilon Chapter-at-Large Louisa Dr. Carolyn Lindgren of Wayne State University. To-
A. White Award for Research Excellence in 1996. gether they developed a modified Burke/NCRCS
During the period from 1991 to 1996, Burke re- Chronic Sorrow Questionnaire and conducted a series
ceived four Rhode Island College Faculty Research of individual studies that were then analyzed collabora-
Grants for studies of chronic sorrow. In 1998, she was tively. Burke’s studies in this series focused on chronic
awarded a grant from the Delta Upsilon Chapter-at- sorrow in infertile couples, adult children of parents
Large for initial quantitative instrument development with chronic conditions, and bereaved parents. The
for the study of chronic sorrow. From 1992 to 1995, collaboratively analyzed studies led to the development
Burke was principal investigator on the Transition to of a middle-range Theory of Chronic Sorrow, which
Adult Living Project, funded by the Department of was published in 1998. Members of the Consortium,
Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child both individually and collaboratively, presented
Health Bureau, Genetics Services Branch. In 1995, numerous papers on chronic sorrow at local, state,
she was co-principal investigator on a New England national, and international conferences and published
Regional Genetics Group Special Projects Grant, The 10 articles in refereed journals. Their article, “Middle-
Transition to Adult Living Project—System Dissemi- Range Theory of Chronic Sorrow” received the Best of
nation of Information. Image Award in 1999 in the Theory Category from
Burke’s early practice was in pediatric nursing Sigma Theta Tau International. Burke has collaborated
specialty in both acute and primary settings. She with Dr. Eakes in the development of the Burke/Eakes
joined the faculty of the Rhode Island College Chronic Sorrow Assessment Tool.
Department of Nursing as clinical instructor in 1980, Burke is active in numerous professional and com-
and she became full-time in 1982, assistant professor munity organizations. She serves on the St. Joseph’s
in 1987, associate professor in 1991, and professor Health Services of Rhode Island Board of Trustees.
in 1996. During this period, she taught pediatric She received the Outstanding Alumna Award for
nursing in didactic and clinical courses. She also Contributions in Nursing Education from the Rhode
developed and taught a nursing course encompass- Island College Department of Nursing and the
ing nutrition, pharmacology, and pathophysiology. Alumni Honor Roll Award from Rhode Island Col-
Burke retired from Rhode Island College faculty in lege (L. Burke, personal communication, 2005).
December 2002.
Burke had become interested in the concept of Margaret A. Hainsworth
chronic sorrow during her master’s program while in Margaret A. Hainsworth was born in Brockville,
a clinical practicum at the Child Development Center Ontario, Canada. She received her diploma in nursing
of Rhode Island Hospital. While working there with in 1953 at Brockville General Hospital in Brockville,
children with spina bifida and their parents, she de- Ontario. In 1959, she immigrated to the United States
veloped a clinical notion that the emotions she ob- to attend the George Peabody College for Teachers
served in the parents were consistent with chronic in Nashville, Tennessee, where she received a diploma
sorrow as first described by Olshansky (1962). Her in public health nursing. Hainsworth continued her
master’s thesis, The Concerns of Mothers of Preschool education at Salve Regina College in Newport, Rhode
Children with Myelomeningocele, identified emotions Island, and received a baccalaureate degree in nursing
similar to chronic sorrow. She then developed the in 1973. She then received a master’s degree in psychi-
Burke Chronic Sorrow Questionnaire for her doctoral atric and mental health nursing from Boston College