Page 167 - Participant Manual

Hypothermia: a condition that occurs when the Penetrating trauma: trauma that occurs when the
body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, body is pierced by or impaled on a sharp, narrow
causing the core body temperature to fall below object
95° F (35° C)
Personal protective equipment (PPE): barrier
devices used to prevent pathogens from contaminating
I the skin, mucous membranes or clothing

Implied consent: permission to give care that is Pneumothorax: collapse of a lung caused by an
not expressly granted by the person but is assumed abnormal collection of air in the space between the
because circumstances exist that would lead a lung and the chest wall
reasonable person to believe that the person would
give consent if he or she were able to Pocket mask: a transparent, flexible device that
creates a tight seal over the person’s nose and mouth
Insulin: a hormone secreted by the pancreas that to allow the responder to give rescue breaths without
causes glucose to be moved from the bloodstream making mouth-to-mouth contact or inhaling exhaled
into the cells, where it is used for energy air; a type of breathing barrier
Internal bleeding: bleeding that occurs inside the Puncture wound: an open wound that occurs when
body, into a body cavity or space a pointed object, such as a nail or an animal’s tooth,
pierces the skin
L
Q
Laceration: a cut, commonly caused by a sharp
object such as broken glass or a knife Quadriplegia: paralysis that affects both arms, the
trunk and both legs
Lay responder: a nonprofessional responder who
gives care in an emergency situation Quick-relief (rescue) medications: medications
taken when a person is experiencing an acute asthma
Long-term control medications: medications attack to open the airways right away
taken regularly to help prevent asthma attacks by
reducing inflammation and swelling and making the
airways less sensitive to triggers R
Lung contusion: bruising of the lung tissue Respiratory arrest: absence of breathing

O Respiratory distress: difficulty breathing

Open wound: a wound where the skin’s surface is S
broken
© 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved.
Scene size-up: a brief survey done prior to entering
P the scene of an emergency to ensure safety, form
an initial impression about what happened and the
Paradoxical breathing: abnormal movement of the nature of the person’s illness or injury, identify any
chest wall when a person breathes (when the person life-threatening conditions, and determine necessary
inhales, the injured area draws in while the rest of the resources
chest expands and when the person exhales, the injured Seizure: a temporary and involuntary change in
area expands while the rest of the chest draws in)
body movement, function, sensation, awareness or
Paralysis: the loss of movement, sensation or both behavior that results from abnormal electrical activity
in the brain
Paraplegia: paralysis that affects both legs and the
lower trunk Shock: a progressive, life-threatening condition in
which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough
Pathogens: harmful microorganisms that can cause oxygen-rich blood to the body’s tissues and organs,
disease causing organs and body systems to begin to fail

© 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved.
Glossary | 158 | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual Glossary | 159 | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual