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XIV            THE HISTORY OF THE QUR'ANIC TEXT

                                                    III. An Appraisal of Orientalism


                                   18. THE ORIENTALIST AND THE QUR'AN                        303
                                      1. The Necessity of Proving Distortions in the Qur'an  303
                                      2. Orientalist Criticism of the Qur'an's Compilation   304
                                      3. Transmutation of Islam into Foreign Idioms          305
                                      4. Orientalist Accusations of Appropriation            306
                                          i. Accusations of Botched Appropriation            306
                                         ii. A Counterfeited Bible                           307
                                      5. Deliberate Distortion of the Qur'an                 308
                                          i. Fliigel's Attempted Distortion of the Qur'an    308
                                         ii. Blachere's Attempted Distortion of the Qur'an   309
                                         iii. Mingana's Attempted Distortion of the Qur'an   311
                                      6. Puin and the San'a' Fragments                       314
                                          i. Are the Santa' Fragments the Only Proof of the
                                           Qur'an's Completion by the First Century?         315
                                      7. Conclusion                                          318
                                   19. ORIENTALIST MOTIVATIONS: A STUDY OF SUBJECTIVITY      321
                                      1. TheJewish Analogue                                  321
                                          i. The Validity of an Anti-Semitic Work            321
                                          ii. Can an Anti-judaic Scholar be Impartial When Dealing
                                           with aJewish Theme?                               322
                                         iii. Are Jewish Scholars Free to StudyJewish Topics?  323
                                      2. The Muslim Counterpoint                             325
                                          i. Israeli Suppression of Palestinian History      325
                                          ii. An Orientalist Pioneer and Deceiver of Muslims  326
                                      3. Searching for Impartiality                          327
                                          i. A Historical Perspective: Jews, Christians, and Romans  327
                                          ii. Impartiality in Modern Studies                 330
                                      4. Pressures and Motives                               331
                                          i. Colonialism and the Demoralisation of Muslims   331
                                          ii. TheJewish Question and the Erasure of History and
                                            Fabrication of a New One                         333
                                      5. Conclusion                                          339

                                   20. CLOSING REMARKS                                       341
                                      BIBLIOGRAPHY                                           347
                                      INDEX                                                  357
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