Page 399 - Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish, 3rd Edition

GENERAL INDEX 397

nitrate filters 215 plants cont. predators cont. scorpionfish 264–265
nitrates 215, 308 photosynthesis 32 mouths 17 scrapers, removing algae 51
nitrites 34, 46, 52, 210, 211, 213, 216 planting 36–37, 42, 308–309 piranhas 92 scuba diving 23
nitrogen cycle 34, 213 plastic plants 37 pregnancy 62 scutes 121
nitrogen toxicity 58 ponds 308–309, 318, 362–379 protein skimmers 211, 213 sea anemones see anemones
nutrition see feeding substrate plants 194–199 proteins 48, 65, 218, 316 sea cucumbers 296
vegetarian fish 95 protozoan parasites 54 sea horses 279
O platies 156, 162–164 pseudomonasis 57 breeding 230
pufferfish 210
feeding 204, 218
breeding 69, 163
ocelli 19 hybrids 69 pumps parental care 231–232
octopuses 294 plecos 17 air pumps 35, 42 sea slugs 294
omnivores, mouths 17 “plug-and-go” tanks 27, 31 filtration systems 34, 35 sea squirts 297
opercula 18 poisons 58, 228 ponds 306–307 sea urchins 296
oranges, feeding koi 317 chlorine 58 PVC pond liners 302 second-hand tanks 31
organs 18 garden chemicals 323 pygmy basslets 273–274 seed culture, bacteria 42, 51
osmotic shock 225 handling fish 225 senses 19, 75
Osteichthyes 20, 21 lionfish 264 Q lateral line 19, 103, 151
overcrowding 68, 216, 322 marine fish 204 motion detectors 151
oxheart, feeding fish 49 porcupinefish 250 quarantine 216, 313 septicemia 324
oxygen scorpionfish 264 quartz, rockwork 40 sessile feeders 218
aerating water 34, 35 stingrays 183 sessile invertebrates 215, 225, 286
breathing 16, 18–19 stonefish 282 R sex, changing 230, 244
hypoxia 58 venomous spines 18 sexing fish 61, 64, 230
labyrinth organs 104, 110 pollution 52, 215 rabbitfish 277 sharks, evolution 21
photosynthesis 32 polyps, corals 288 rainbowfish 176–179 shellfish, frozen 219
pond water 319, 322 polythene pond liners 302 rasboras 62, 78–81 shells, marine tank substrate 209
spray bars 211 pond fish 298–361 rays 21, 134 shelter, rockwork 212
stocking density 30 breeding 325–329 rearing tanks 67, 68, 233 shoaling fish
oxygenating plants 308, 370–371 choosing 311 redox meters 222 coordinated movements 19
ozonizers 211 feeding 316–317 reef fish, spawning 230–231 damselfish 241
illness 321–324 reefs fins 17
P indoor tanks 312–314 coral 14, 203 rasboras 78
spawning 87
introducing to ponds 311
hiding places 281
paradisefish 108–113 spawning 326, 328 reef tanks 203 shows 28, 329
parasites ponds health problems 224 shrimp 292–293
freshwater fish 54, 58 algae 308, 319, 327 lighting 206–207 brine 49, 68, 204, 218, 219, 233
marine fish 224, 225, 227 building 304–305 live rock 213 feeding pond fish 316–317
pond fish 313, 322–323, 324 cleaning out 320 reflective hoods 32, 41 mantis 224
parental care 62–63, 155, 231 depth 301 reproduction see breeding marine tanks 204
pea gravel 39 designing 300–301 respiratory system see breathing shubunkins 326
pearlfish 174–175 edging materials 304, 305, 310 reverse osmosis (RO) filters 215 Singapore angel disease (SAD) 57
peas, feeding fish 49, 219, 316 filters 301, 306–307, 318 rhizomes, planting 36 siting
peat 46, 97 freezing 301, 320, 353 Rift Valley cichlids 27, 36 marine tanks 208–209
pectoral fins 17, 18, 183 heaters 320, 353 river sand 38 ponds 301
pellets, feeding fish 49, 219, 316, 317 indoor ponds 314 rockwork 39–40, 212–213, 214, 215 skeleton 20, 21
pelvic fins 17, 63, 261 landscaping 310 rotifers 233 skin
Pepys, Samuel 22 liners 302, 304–305 diseases 56, 226
pesticides 323 management 318–320 S flukes 58
petrified wood 212 plants 308–309, 318, 362–379 scales 16
pheromones 110 preformed units 302, 305 safety slate, rockwork 40, 212
phosphates 215 pumps 306–307 electricity 32, 33, 209 smell, sense of 103
phosphorus, fertilizers 37 safety 301, 323 handling fish 225 snail shells, spawning in 41
photosynthesis 32, 207, 370 siting 301 heaters 210 snails 36, 46
pH values, water 46, 215 stocking density 311, 322 human health 55 sociability, choosing fish 44
pigments 19, 333 types of 302 ponds 301, 323 soft water 39, 40
pimelodid catfish 132–133 winter 319–320, 353 rockwork 212 soldierfish 262–263
pipefish 231–232, 279 pop eye 228 salinity sound, communication 19
piscine tuberculosis 57, 228 porcupinefish 18, 202, 250–251 brackish water 43, 46, 188 South America 23
Placodermi 20 potassium, fertilizers 37 marine tanks 214, 215 spawning 64
plankton 230, 233 pouchbrooders 231–232 testing water 46, 221 cave-spawners 145
plants power filters 34, 35, 37, 42, 46, 67, salt imbalance 228 conditioning fish 65–66
algal overgrowth 51 211, 233 sand 38, 209 livebearers 60–61
brackish water tanks 43, 188 powerheads 35, 215 sandstone, rockwork 40 marine fish 230–231
care and maintenance 37 predators Saprolegnia fungus 57 pond fish 326, 328
choosing 36 Archer Fish 185 scales 16 shoaling fish 64, 87
floating plants 192–193 choosing fish 44 filefish 249 spawning boxes 66
freshwater plants 190–199 feeding 27, 219 iridescence 19 spawning mops 326
lighting 33 fins 17 scientific names 21 spawning pits 62

US_380-400_Endmatter.indd 397 29/08/18 6:30 PM