Page 59 - All About History - Issue 11-14

Future Yorkist king O Margaret takes back
power
of England
Following Henry VI’s
Edward is the first son of miraculous Christmas Day
Richard Plantagenet and recovery from his madness,
Cicely Neville. Following his wife Margaret of Anjou
his father’s death at the wastes no time in reinstating
the king as the court’s top
Battle of Wakefield, Edward O York is Lord Protector power and pushes Richard
would famously join forces After Henry VI’s first mental out of the capital.
breakdown, Richard of York
with his father’s old ally, returns to London and is February 1455 O Warwick becomes captain
the Earl of Warwick (‘the named Lord Protector. of Calais
Kingmaker’) and take the York imprisons the Duke Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick,
crown for himself in bloody of Somerset in the Tower becomes the captain of Calais,
warfare. He marries the of London and forges a powerful financial and military
his legendary warring
position that leads him into his
politically savvy Elizabeth relationship with Margaret apex of power, heavily controlling
Woodville. of Anjou. the affairs not just of England
28 April 1442 27 March 1453 but of parts of France too.
1455
O Hostilities resume
After years of strained
O Margaret Beaufort O Richard marches on London O The French defeat the O First Battle of peace, hostilities break out
is born Disaffected with a list of grievances, English at Castillon St Albans again, with Richard Neville
The future mother of King Richard of York marches to London Following the disastrous Battle The opening battle of the scoring a victory against a
Henry VII is born at Bletsoe from Ireland, demanding Edmund of Castillon, where French Wars of the Roses. St Albans numerically superior foe.
Castle, Bedfordshire, England. Beaufort, the Duke of Somerset, forces bring down the Hundred is a small and scrappy battle 23 September 1459
She would become the to be removed from office due Years’ War with a decisive but still leads to the death of
influential matriarch that sees to perceived failures. He is not victory over the English, Henry three Lancastrian nobles.
the rise and establishment of supported at court, however, and VI is told of the news and has 22 May 1455 O The Battle of
the Tudor Dynasty. returns a year later empty-handed. his first mental breakdown. Ludford Bridge
31 May 1443 1452 17 July 1453 Following a victory at Blore
Heath Yorkist supporters
O Battle of O Edward’s popular O The bloodiest regroup at Ludford.
Hedgeley coronation battle However, a large army led
Moor After clearing a path to The most brutal by Henry VI arrives and
The brother of the throne with a hard- battle of the Wars O Battle of Wakefield many of the Yorkists flee.
‘the Kingmaker’ fought victory at the of the Roses, this The last battle for Richard 12 October 1459
Warwick, John Battle of Towton, clash sees almost Plantagenet, Duke of York.
Neville, clashes Edward of York is 30,000 men die Riding out from a defensive O House of York gain
with a Lancastrian crowned king in an in driving snow position at Sandal Castle, the upper hand
force on his way official coronation in near the village of Richard is killed by An interesting battle due
to the border of London. The coronation Towton, Yorkshire. Lancastrian forces. to the Lancastrian Lord
Scotland to arrange is well received by 29 March 1461 30 December 1460 Edmund Grey switching
a peace treaty. the public. side to the Yorkists mid-
25 April 1464 28 June 1461 battle. The Yorkists won
easily and gained the
upper hand in the Wars.
10 July 1460
O Elizabeth Woodville O Battle of O Second Battle of O Lancastrian army routed
marries King Edward IV Ferrybridge St. Albans Following his father’s defeat at O Act of Accord signed
Coming from a low-ranking A small, precursory The follow-up battle Wakefield, Richard’s son Edward As a compromise, it is agreed
family, Woodville is called skirmish before the to the one that routs a Lancastrian army under the that Richard of York is the
‘the most beautiful decisive and bloody kickstarted the Wars leadership of Jasper Tudor. rightful successor to the throne
woman in the Island Battle of Towton, of the Roses, this 2 February 1461 after Henry VI. This deal
of Britain’ and she Ferrybridge sees the time there are more excludes Henry’s son, Edward
uses this trait to Yorkist leader Lord men, more deaths of Lancaster, from the throne,
marry advantageously, Fitzwalter killed and, importantly, a angering Margaret of Anjou.
walking down the isle in action. Lancastrian victory. October 1460
with King Edward IV. 28 March 1461 17 February 1461
1 May 1464
O The king’s mother Henry unites the Houses
arrives at courts 18 January 1486
O Richard O Buckingham revolts Following her son Henry’s victory at
becomes king Richard’s ascension is the Battle of Bosworth Field, Henry’s In his marriage to Elizabeth of York, the
Despite simply being immensely contentious and mother Margaret Beaufort arrives at only daughter of Elizabeth Woodville,
named as Lord uprisings take place. One court and creates a new title for herself; Henry VII finally unites the remnants
Protector by Edward of the largest is a rebellion ‘My Lady the King’s Mother’, ensuring of the two warring Houses of York and
IV, Richard III is orchestrated by Henry herself legal and social independence.. Lancaster. The product of this marriage
crowned king after Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, 1485 marks the beginning of the House of
the infamous affair who is especially disaffected.
of the princes in His rebellion fails, however. Tudor and the Tudor Dynasty, which
the Tower. 18 October 1483 would go on to rule England until 24
6 July 1483 March 1603.

Anne Neville dies O Battle of Bosworth 22 August 1485 The War of the Roses end 16 June 1487
The wife of embattled king Richard The decisive and climactic battle of the War Finally, after more than 30 years of turmoil, chaos,
III dies of what is now believed to of the Roses. The Battle of Bosworth sees the warfare, infighting, backstabbing, side-changing, © Joe Cummings; Look and Learn; Thinkstock; Mary Evans
be tuberculosis, at Westminster, Yorkist king Richard III killed in combat, his murdering, scheming and plotting, the War of the Roses
London. There is an eclipse on 10,000-strong force routed and his enemy, the end with Henry Tudor quashing the last remaining
the same day, which people
see as an omen depicting the young and charismatic Henry Tudor, carve a threat to his throne at the Battle of Stoke. Henry
impending fall of Richard. direct path to the throne of England. He would be proceeds to rule successfully for over 20 years, despite
16 March 1485 crowned King Henry VII months later. a couple of minor threats to his throne.
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