Page 135 - (DK) Help Your Kids with Language Arts

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C ONSONANT SOUND S

▽ The “t” sound REAL W OR L D
t This consonant is represented by the graphemes bt, t, th,
tt, and ed. NATO phonetic alphabet
The NATO phonetic alphabet
doubt tiger thyme cattle jumped is used to avoid confusion
when spelling words verbally.
Each word is spoken in place
▷ The “v” sound
v This consonant is represented of of the name of the letter.
Radio broadcasters in the
by the graphemes f and v. dove
military and aviation
industries use this alphabet.
▷ The “w” sound walrus
w This consonant is represented
by the graphemes w, wh, and u. whale Blends
penguin
Consonant blends are two or more consonants that join
together. They can appear at the beginning or end of a
y This consonant is represented onion word. Like digraphs, they are never separated, but the
▷ The “y” sound
by the graphemes i and y. yak individual sound that is represented by each letter is heard.
For example, the word bright begins with the blend br,
and the individual letters—b and r—are clearly heard.
z ▽ The “z” sound Blend Examples Blend Examples
This consonant is represented by the graphemes
s, ss, x, z, and zz.
bl block pl plum
br bread pr pretzel
please scissors xylophone zebra buzz cl clam pt adapt
cr cracker sc scallop

Digraphs ct perfect sch school
dr drink scr scrape
A digraph is a single sound that is made by combining sk skeleton
two letters. For example, the word shining begins with fl floor
the digraph “sh” and is represented by the grapheme sh. fr fruit sk whisk
This digraph can appear in other words, such as action, ft sift sl slither
but in this case it is written as ti.
gl glaze sm smoke
gr grapefruit sn snack
Digraph Grapheme Examples lb bulb sp spaghetti
ld mild sp crisp
chicken, nature,
ch ch, t, tch lf self sph sphere
hatch
lk milk spl splatter
ng n (before k), ng monkey, hatchling
lm elm spr sprinkle
ocean, chef,
sh ln kiln squ squid
ce, ch, ci, sh, ss, ti special, sheep,
mission, motion lp pulp st steak
th th sloth lt malt st toast
(voiceless)
mp chomp str strawberry
th grind sw sweet
th feather nd
(voiced)
nk drink tr trout
zh ge, s beige, vision tw twin
nt mint