Page 44 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Portugal

DISCOVER A Brief History 1

2 3

The Age of Discovery 1 An 18th-century
After overcoming Castilian competition for the crown (p173), azulejo panel depicting
the reign of João I saw the beginning of Portuguese imperialism, the capture of Ceuta.
with the capture of the North African city of Ceuta in 1415. 2 Painting depicting
João’s third son, who became known as Henry the Navigator, Pedro Álvares Cabral
financed expe ditions along the West African coast. Great riches landing in Porto
were made from gold and slaves taken from the Gulf of Guinea, Seguro, Brazil.
but the real breakthrough came under Manuel I, in 1498, when 3 The Earthquake in
Vasco da Gama (p114) reached India. In 1500, as he sought out Lisbon (c 1760) by
favourable winds by sailing west into the Atlantic, Pedro Álvares João Glama Ströberle.
Cabral “discovered” Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. 4 Depiction of the Battle
of Bussaco (1810), where
Spanish Rule Wellington fought
The age of expansion ended with an unsuccessful expedition Napoleon’s forces.
to Morocco in 1578, led by Sebastião I. When the Cardinal-King
Henrique died without an heir in 1580, Philip II of Spain success-
fully claimed the Portuguese throne through his mother, who
was a daughter of Manuel I. Under Spanish rule, Portuguese
noblemen held influential positions, but a common foreign

Timeline of events
1385 1578
João I defeats the King Sebastião’s
invading Castilian expedition to Morocco
army at the Battle ends with defeat at the
of Albujarotta Battle of Alcácer-Quibrir

1580
1418 Philip II
Henry the Navigator is 1498 becomes king of
made governor of the Vasco da Gama Portugal and
Algarve and commissions finds a sea route the country is
expeditions to Africa to India ruled by Spain
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