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ARTICLESRTICLES
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CONTRIBUTIONS BY CONTRIBUTIONS BY FACULTY MEMBERSFACULTY MEMBERS
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CONTRIBUTIONS BY ONTRIBUTIONS BY FACULTY MEMBERSFACULTY MEMBERS

The stages in Industrial Revolutions and Evolving Self Driving CarsThe stages in Industrial Revolutions and Evolving Self Driving Cars
The stages in Industrial Revolutions and Evolving Self Driving Carshe stages in Industrial Revolutions and Evolving Self Driving Cars
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Revolutions are consequences of human needs, desire to expand and grow. Technologies used today
are improvisations of basic concepts laid during previous revolutions. One such revolution that had
and is still continuing to have a great impact on human life is the industrial revolution. Let us see a
broad overview of the 4 industrial Revolutions and the key inventions in each era that ushered us into
new age.

The First Industrial Revolution The First Industrial Revolution –– The Era of mechanization (1760 The Era of mechanization (1760 –– 1840)1840)
T The First Industrial Revolution he First Industrial Revolution –– The Era of mechanization (1760 The Era of mechanization (1760 –– 1840)1840)
The First Usable Steam Engine: The operating cost of using horses to pump water out of mines was
high, which led to the invention of atmospheric steam engine, by Thomas Newcomen. Spinning Jenny:
The textile industry saw a booming change on this invention. It was a consequence of the need to
meet the increasing demand for silk. This was a daunting task for workers as hand weaving took a lot
of time. James Watt’s Steam Engine: His invention was a stepping stone which led to the first railway
steam locomotive and the first steam boat (Clermont)

The Second IndustThe Second Industrial Revolution rial Revolution –– The Era of Communication, Transport and Manufacturing (1870 The Era of Communication, Transport and Manufacturing (1870 ––
T The Second Industhe Second Industrial Revolution rial Revolution –– The Era of Communication, Transport and Manufacturing (1870 The Era of Communication, Transport and Manufacturing (1870 ––
1914)1914)
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1914)914)
Telegraph and Morse: The first working telegraph started operating in 1844. Morse code, comprising
of dots and dashes were used for long distance communication. Telephones: It was Antonio Meucci
who came up with the talking telegram or the telephone but Alexander Graham Bell came to be
called the father of communication. The telephone ensured privacy in conversation. The Light Bulb:
Thomas Edison’s patent for the light bulb was filed after several proposals of light bulbs that got worn
out very quickly. This invention had twofold effect. People could light up their homes and work during
odd hours thereby increasing productivity and it also accelerated the adoption of electricity. The First
Flight: The Wright Brothers invented a 3 axis system which made sailing on the skies at high speeds,
more stable. Model T: It was the innovation of the legend, Henry Ford. The introduction of the
assembly line was a reason why Model T was such a hit. This brought down the cost considerably and
changed how Americans travel forever.

T The Third Industrial Revolution he Third Industrial Revolution –– The era of Digitization (1969 The era of Digitization (1969 –– 2000)2000)
The Third Industrial Revolution The Third Industrial Revolution –– The era of Digitization (1969 The era of Digitization (1969 –– 2000)2000)
It appeared with the emergence of a new type of energy: the nuclear energy. This era also witnessed
the rise of electronics – transistors processors, controllers, telecom and computers. It led to the
production of miniaturized products which made way to innovations in space search and
biotechnology.

Space search led to launching of satellites which linked different parts of the world.

Automation: It is a self-operating machine, or a control mechanism designed to automatically follow a
predetermined sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions. Programmable
Logic circuits: A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial
digital computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes,
such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability control and ease
of programming and process fault diagnosis.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution –– The Era of Smart World and Globalization (Started in the middle of The Era of Smart World and Globalization (Started in the middle of
T The Fourth Industrial Revolution he Fourth Industrial Revolution –– The Era of Smart World and Globalization (Started in the middle of The Era of Smart World and Globalization (Started in the middle of
l last century)last century)
last century)ast century)
All new developments and technologies have one key feature in common: they leverage the pervasive
power of digitization and information technology. There are four main physical manifestations of the
technological mega trends that led to the revolution: Autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, Advanced
robotics and New materials. One of the main bridges between the physical and digital applications

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