Page 585 - The City and Guilds Textbook: Plumbing Book 1 for the Level 3 Apprenticeship (9189), Level 2 Technical Certificate (8202) and Level 2 Diploma (6035)

Chapter 9 Sanitation systems

Sinks
INDUSTRY TIP
Sinks are appliances typically fitted in a kitchen or utility room. The ideal sink
has to be hardwearing and robust enough to be able to withstand the abuse it is Stainless steel sinks will
likely to receive. There are several different types, as described here. require bonding to the
● Kitchen sinks: these come in a variety of different shapes and sizes. electrical earthing in the
Common arrangements are single bowl and drainer, bowl and a half, and property.
double bowl. They are usually set into the work surface and can be made The bonding of metalwork
from a variety of materials, such as stainless steel, granite, astro-cast and pipes is covered in
and polycarbonate materials. Vitreous china sinks are also available, but detail in Chapter 3, Scientific
these tend to chip easily and will shatter if heavy pans are dropped into principles.
them.

p Figure 9.53 The styles of kitchen sink

● Butler’s sinks: similar to the London sink with two main differences: the sink
has a high splash-back, and also has a bucket grille.
● Cleaners’ sinks: there are three types of cleaners’ sink, and all are large,
deep, rectangular sinks made of very thick white-glazed fireclay. They are
usually mounted on cast iron cantilever brackets, but modern installations
allow them to be fitted into kitchen units.
● The Belfast sink: originates from the early 18th century when they were
fitted into the servants’ quarters and the butler’s area. Today, they are
primarily used in utility and cleaners’ rooms, although they can also be used
in period-style kitchens. Recognisable from their integral weir-type overflow.
The taps are usually bib type, fixed to the wall above the sink.
● The London sink: visually very similar to the Belfast sink, but does not have
a weir overflow.

Urinals
p Figure 9.54 The Butler’s sink
Urinals are fitted in non-domestic buildings and there are three different
styles:
1 Bowl urinals: usually made of vitreous china and stainless steel, these are
the most commonly used urinal type and are the easiest to install. Dividers
may be placed between the urinal bowls to give a little privacy. The bowl
should be fixed at around 600 mm from the floor to the front lip. This can be
reduced for urinals installed in schools.

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