Page 183 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

156 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Greek Symbols 6. Colebrook, C. F. and White, C. M., Inst-Civil Eng., Vol. 10,
1937-1938, No. i, pp. 99-118.
� = Ratio of internal diameter of smaller to large pipe 7. Olujic, Z., "Compute Friction Factors Fast for Flow in Pipes,"
sizes, or for orifices or nozzles, contractions or Chem. Eng. 88, No. 25, 1981, p. 91.
enlargements 8. Churchill, S. W., Chem Eng., Nov. 7, 1977, pp. 91-92.
'( = Kinematic viscosity, sq ft/sec 9. Connell, J. R., "Realistic Control-Valve Pressure Drops,"
'Y = Surface tension of liquid, dynes/centimeter Chem. Eng., 94 No. 13, 1987, p. 123.
E = Roughness factor, effective height of pipe wall irreg- 10. Shinskey, F. G., Process Control Systems, 2nd Ed., 1979,
ularities, ft, see Figure 2-11 McGraw-Hill Book Co., p. 47.
0 = Angles of divergence or convergence in enlarge- 11. Catalog 6600, Autoclave Engineers, Erie, Pa., p. 84.
ments or contractions in pipe systems, degrees 12. Saad, M.A., Compressible Fluid Floio, 1985, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
'A. = Two-phase flow term to determine probable type of p. 26.
flow = [ (pg/0.075) (PL/62.3) ]112, where both liquid 13. Miller, R. W., Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, 2nd
and gas phases are in turbulent flow (two-phase Ed., 1989, McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., pp. 13-1.
flow)
14. Cheremisinoff, N. P. and R. Gupta, Handbook of Fluids in
µ = Absolute viscosity, centipoise Motion, 1983, Ann Arbor Science, p. 218.
u, = Absolute viscosity, lbs (mass) I (ft) (sec) 15. McKetta, J. J., Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design,
Vol. 22, 1985, M. Dekker, Inc., p. 305.
µg = Viscosity of gas or vapor phase, centipoise
µL = Viscosity of liquid phase, centipoise 16. Uhl, A. E., et al., Project NB-13, 1965, American Gas Associa-
tion New York.
p = Density of fluid, lbs/cu ft; or lb/gal, Eq. 2-113
17. Hein, M., "3P Flow Analyzer," Oil and Gas journal, Aug. 9,
I: = Summation of items 1982, p. 132.
J
\jJ = Two-phase term= (73/"{) [µL (62.3/pd 2 1/3 18. Ryans, J. L. and Roper, D. L., Process Vacuum. Systems, 1986,
4> = Equations for 4>cn for two-phase pipe line flow McGraw-Hill Book Co.
19. Pump Engineering Data, Economy Pumps, Inc., 1951, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Subscripts
20. King, H. W., Handbook of Hydraulics, 1939, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., p. 197.
o = Base condition for gas measurement
21. Sultan, A. A., "Sizing Pipe for Non-Newtonian Flow," Chem.
1 = Initial or upstream or inlet condition, or ii Eng., Vol. 95, No. 18, Dec. 19, 1988, p. 140.
2 = Second or downstream or outlet condition 22. R. B. Bird, \V. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Ph.e-
nomena, 1960, J. Wiley, New York, p. 12.
a = Initial capacity or first condition
23. Brodkey, R. S. and H. C. Hershey, Transport Phenomena, 1988,
b = New capacity or second condition
McGraw-Hill Book Co., p. 752.
g = Gas
24. Turian, R. M. and T. F. Yuan, "Flow of Slurries in Pipelines,"
L = Liquid AJCHE]ournal, Vol. 23, May 1977, pp. 232-243.
vc = Gradual contraction 25. Derammelaere, R.H. and E.J. Wasp, "Fluid Flow Slurry System
and Pipelines," Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design,
VE = Gradual enlargement
1985,].]. McKetla, Exec. Ed., M. Dekker, Vol. 22, p. 373.
26. Babcock, H. A. and D. A. Carnell, 'Transportation of Larger
References Inert Particles in Pipelines," presented AICHE, 83rd Nation-
al Meeting, Paper No. 40 f, March 23, 1977, Houston, Texas.
1. Moody, L. F. "Friction Factors for Pipe Flow," Trans. ASME, 27. Steindorff, G. N., "Adequate Slurry Pipeline Design Exists,"
Vol. 66, Nov. 1944, pp. 671-678. Oil and Gasfournal; Dec. 22, 1980, p. 75.
2. Engineering Data Book, 2nd Ed., 1979, Hydraulic Institute, 28. Ruskin, R. P., "Calculating Line Sizes for flashing Steam
30200 Detroit Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44145-1967. Condensate," Ch.em. Eng., Aug. 18, 1985, p. 101.
3. Crane Co. Engineering· Div. Technical Paper No. 410, Flmv of 29. Dukler, A. E., Wicks, M. and Cleveland, R. G., AICHE]oumal,
Fluids Through Valves, Fittings and Pipe, 1976. 1964, Vol. 10, p. 44.
4. Shaw, G. V., Editor, and A. W. Loomis, Cameron Hydraulic 30. Soliman, R. H. and Collier, P. B., "Pressure Drop in Slurry
Data, 1942, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 11 Broadway, New York, N .Y., Lines," Hydrocarbon Processing, 1990, Vol. 69, No. 11.
also see [ 54]. 31. Morrison, G. L., DeOtte,Jr., R. E., Panak, D. L., and Nail, G.
5. Perry, R.H. and Don Green, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Hand- H., 'The Flow Field Inside an Orifice Flow Meter," Chem.
book, 6th Ed., 1984, McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. !'>-24. Engr. Prog., 1990, Vol. 86, No. 7.