Page 63 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

48 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Return "'
(Gross savings -Depreciation x Investment) (I-Federal Tax)
Investment
where 12 = index value for year represented by 2, (usually Example 1-2: Justifiable Investment For Annual
current) Savings [6]
1 1 = index value for earlier year represented by l.
EC 2 = equipment estimated cost for year represented Find the justifiable investment for a gross annual sav-
by 2. ings of $15,000 when a return of 10% and a depreciation
EC 1 = equipment purchased cost (when available) for
year represented by I. rate of 15 percent are specified.

1. From Figure 1-40, connect scales A and B.
2. From the intersection with the C scale, connect a
line to the D scale.
3. At the intersection of line (2) with the inclined
Return on Investment investment scale, E, read that a $43,000 investment is
justified to save $15,000 gross per year.
The proper evaluation of' costs as they affect the selec-
tion of processes and equipment is not included in this Accounting Coordination
book. However, it is important to emphasize that every
process engineer must be cognizant of the relationships. All new plants as well as changes to existing facilities
There are several methods to evaluate return on invested and plants must be coordinated with a cost accounting
money, and the nomograph of Figure 1-40 represents one. system. Often the building, services and utilities, and site
It is a useful guide [6] to estimate the order of magnitude development must be separated cost-wise from each
of a return on an expenditure to gain savings in labor other. Each company has reason and need for various
and/or material costs. The nomograph is used to deter- arrangements in order to present proper information for
mine the investment justified by a gross annual savings, tax purposes and depreciation. Although the project engi-
assuming a percent return, a percent annual depreciation neer is usually responsible for this phase of coordination
charge, and a 50 percent Federal tax on net savings. through the engineering groups, it is often necessary that

50 0 25

40 5,000 20

...
c: c
15
� 30 _,_ ..
10, � o.9
:::'.
"'
a. .. Q. -
.. "' c
.. c
0
0--
.... > �
(!) " ..
u
CJ) �
20 15,000 10 Cl.
...
0
-- ---
10 -- 20,000 5
E
Figure 1-40. Annual saving, return, and depreciation of
fixed adjustable investment. By permission, G. A. Lar-
c 025,000 80 son [6].