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Results Smokers were found to be much more likely to indulge in acts of selfi sh behavior
compared to non-smokers: double parking (+80%), litter throwing (+57.33%), and spitting
chewing gum onto the pavement (+34%). No correlation was found between male smokers
and the use of selfie sticks, whereas female smokers showed a five-fold greater prevalence

of selfie stick usage with respect to female non-smokers.

Conclusions Selfish behavior is a clear form of self promotion, benefitting the individual in

terms of saving time (double parking, leaving litter and spitting gum) and image with other

friends (obsession with selfies). Moreover, it impacts negatively on the environment, ulti-
mately destroying the beauty of the world for the rest of the population. Such behavior
should be addressed by educationalists in school curricula. Future work will investigate the
link between smoking and the following three factors: tax avoidance, non-collection of
owner's dog excrement, and drink driving.
As highlighted on the website of the U.S. National Library of Medicine:

Structured abstracts have several advantages for authors and readers. These formats were
developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s to assist health professionals in selecting clinically
relevant and methodologically valid journal articles. They also guide authors in summarizing
the content of their manuscripts precisely, facilitate the peer-review process for manuscripts
submitted for publication, and enhance computerized literature searching.

Structured abstracts tend to be used most in medical journals:
Approximately 30% of all abstracts currently added to MEDLINE® in PubMed are structured.
Structured abstracts perform better than unstructured abstracts for the discovery of corresponding MeSH
(Medical Subject Headings®) terms using the Medical Text Indexer (MTI) software application.

If you are a medical researcher you can learn more about the different types of
abstract from the British Medical Journal's website: www.bmj.com/about-bmj/
resources-authors/article-types/researchStructured abstract

Below are some more typical headings for structured abstracts in the medical fi eld:

Background / Context / Purpose – Methods – Results / Findings – Conclusions
Context – Aim / Objective – Design – Setting – Patients (or Participants) –
Interventions / Treatment – Main Outcome Measure(s) – Results – Conclusions

Context – Objective – Data Sources – Study Selection – Data Extraction –
Results – Conclusions