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Etiologies of IDH

2. Impaired peripheral vasoconstriction

 Dialysis-related factor

 Low dialysate sodium

 Low ionized calcium concentrate

 Acetate dialysate vasodilation

 Complement activation (C3a, C5a mediated)

 Cytokine generation (interleukin-1, and nitric oxide

mediated)

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol . 2018 Aug 7;13(8):1297-1303.