Page 8 - Modul A+1 Kimia Tingkatan 4

PAUTAN INTERAKTIF

Mengelaskan jirim kepada unsur dan sebatian.
To classify matters into element and compound.

C Takat Lebur dan Takat Beku
Melting Point and Freezing Point
1. Takat lebur ialah suhu malar apabila sesuatu bahan berubah daripada keadaan pepejal menjadi cecair pada tekanan
BAB 2 tertentu.
Melting point is the constant temperature at which a substance changes from a solid into a liquid at a particular pressure.
2. Takat beku ialah suhu malar apabila sesuatu bahan berubah daripada keadaan cecair
menjadi pepejal pada tekanan tertentu. TP 1
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Freezing point is the constant temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to solid
at a particular pressure.

A KTIVITI 2.1

Eksperimen Wajib Menentukan takat lebur dan takat beku naftalena, C H . 10 8
Tujuan/Aim:
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To determine the melting point and freezing point of naphthalene, C H .
Bahan/Materials:
Naftalena, C H , air
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Naphthalene, C H , water
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Radas/ Apparatus:
3
Tabung didih, bikar 250 cm , termometer, tungku kaki tiga, kaki retort dan pengapit, penunu Bunsen, jam
3
randik, kelalang kon 250 cm , kasa dawai, spatula
3
Boiling tube, 250 cm beaker, thermometer, tripod stand, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner, stopwatch, 250 cm 3
conical flask, wire gauze, spatula
Prosedur/ Procedure:
1. Satu per tiga tabung didih dipenuhkan dengan naftalena, C H .
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One third of a boiling tube is filled with naphthalene, C H .
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2. Satu termometer diletakkan ke dalam tabung didih itu.
A thermometer is placed in the boiling tube.
3. Air diisikan ke dalam bikar sehingga separuh penuh.
Water is poured into a beaker until it is half filled.
4. Tabung didih dimasukkan ke dalam bikar dan diapitkan seperti ditunjukkan Rajah 2.3. Pastikan aras
naftalena, C H dalam tabung didih berada di bawah aras air di dalam bikar.
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Boiling tube is immersed into the beaker as shown in Diagram 2.3. The level of naphthalene, C H in the boiling tube
is ensured below the level of water in the beaker. 10 8
5. Air dipanaskan dan naftalena, C H dikacau secara perlahan-lahan dengan menggunakan termometer.
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Apabila suhu naftalena, C H mencapai 60 °C, jam randik dimulakan.
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The water is heated and the naphthalene, C H is stirred slowly using the thermometer. When the temperature of
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the naphthalene, C H reaches 60 C, the stopwatch is started.
o
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6. Suhu dan keadaan jirim naftalena, C H direkodkan pada selang masa 30 saat sehingga suhu mencapai 90 °C.
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Temperature and state of matter of naphthalene, C H are recorded at 30 seconds intervals until the temperature
reaches 90 °C. 10 8
Termometer
Thermometer Termometer
Tabung didih Thermometer
Boiling tube Tabung didih
Air Boiling tube
Water
Naftalena Naftalena
Naphthalene Naphthalene
Kelalang kon
Conical flask
Rajah/Diagram 2.3 Pemanasan naftalena, C H Rajah/Diagram 2.4 Penyejukan naftalena, C H 8
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Heating of naphthalene C H 8 Cooling of naphthalene C H 8
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