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MODUL • Fizik TINGKATAN 5

Transformer
3.4 Transformers

Alat yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan atau menurunkan beza Teras besi lembut berlapis
Transformer keupayaan bekalan arus ulang-alik berdasarkan prinsip aruhan Laminated soft iron core
Transformers increases
elektromagnet. / Electrical device which or decreases an
alternating current based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

` Terdiri daripada dua gegelung wayar yang dililitkan berasingan pada
teras besi lembut berlapis. / Consists of two coils of wire wound round
separately on a laminated soft-iron core.
` Gegelung yang disambungkan kepada voltan input dinamakan
Struktur gegelung primer . / The coil connected to the input voltage is
Structure Gegelung
called the primary coil . Coil
` Gegelung yang disambungkan kepada voltan output dinamakan Nota / Note:
gegelung sekunder . • Frekuensi beza keupayaan
The coil connected to the output voltage is called the secondary coil . sekunder, V , adalah sama
s
dengan frekuensi beza
keupayaan primer, V .
p
The frequency of the secondary
voltage, V is the same as that of
s
the primary voltage, V .
p
Simbol 240 V 24 V • Magnitud beza keupayaan UNIT 3
Symbol sekunder, V bergantung kepada
UNIT 3
s
kadar bilangan lilitan gegelung
primer dan sekunder.
Gegelung primer Gegelung sekunder The magnitude of the secondary
Primary coil Secondary coil voltage, V depends on the ratio
s
of the number of turns of the
• Transformer bekerja berdasarkan prinsip aruhan elektromagnet. primary and secondary coils.
A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
• Apabila beza keupayaan ulang-alik, V , dibekalkan ke gegelung primer,
p
arus ulang-alik mengalir melalui gegelung.
When an a.c. voltage, V , is applied to the primary coil of the transformer,
p
an alternating current flows through the coil.

• Teras besi lembut dimagnetkan. / The soft-iron core is magnetised.
• Arus ulang-alik mempunyai arah dan magnitud yang berubah. Oleh itu,
Prinsip terdapat perubahan arah dan magnitud medan magnet.
kerja An alternating current has varying directions and magnitudes.
Working So there is a change in the direction and magnitude of magnetic field.
principle
• Teras besi lembut membekalkan medan magnet yang berubah-ubah arah
dan magnitud dalam gegelung sekunder. / The soft-iron core provides a
varying magnetic field in the secondary coil.

• Medan magnet yang berubah-ubah juga wujud dalam gegelung
sekunder. / A varying magnetic field also occurs in the secondary coil.

• Medan magnet yang berubah-ubah akan menghasilkan
arus aruhan dan d.g.e ulang-alik teraruh, V , dalam
s
gegelung sekunder. / The varying magnetic field will produce an
induced current and alternating voltage, V in the secondary coil.
s

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03-Physic F5 2018.indd 110 26/08/2019 11:23 AM