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270 Index

Bangi parliamentary constituency, 105n4 path-dependent success, 83, 86, 93
bangsa Malaysia, 64, 90 political-education programme, 134
Bantuan Rakyat 1Malaysia (BR1M), 91, popular votes against, 85
145n4 pro-Malay ethnic policies, 64
Barisan Alternatif (BA), 3, 62, 65, 103, ‘safe-deposit’ seat, 36, 38
149, 231–2 swing of votes against, 84
formation of, 86 voting out in GE14, 23
Barisan Nasional (BN), 1–5, 7–9, 11, Barisan Nasional Youth Volunteers
17, 21, 41, 46, 61, 194, 211, 214, (BNYV), 134–6
246 BERJASA (Pan-Malaysian Islamic
and Big Data, 118–22 Front), 198
breakup on religious/ideological Bersih 2.0 (electoral-reform movement),
grounds, 86–7 142, 144, 214
campaign strategy against PH, 156 ‘big data’ campaigning, 112
capitulation as the federal ruling Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
party, 30 systems, 115
Chinese goodwill towards, 64 Invoke’s model of, 115
coalition politics in the Borneo Malaysian opposition parties and,
states, 90 113–18
collapse of, 44 monetizing of, 123–5
corruption scandals linked to, 42 political economy of, 124
electoral dominance, 45 ‘big data’ companies, 111
electoral performance of, 65 algorithms, 126
electoral successes of, 83 central modus operandi, 116
electoral support for, 25 impact on democracy, 115, 122–7
in Peninsular Malaysia, 67 meaning of, 112–13
erosion of popular vote, 19 microtargeting from, 125
ethnic pattern of electoral support ‘big-data’ tactics, for microtargeted voter
for, 63 outreach, 10
evolution of Chinese support for, Biro Tata Negara (National Civics
63–8 Bureau), 135
explanations for defeat of, 90–3 Borneo bloc, 7, 261
factors leading to loss in west-coast Borneo Komrad (Sabah-based youth
peninsular states, 93–8 group), 143–4
‘ xed deposit’ states, 52 breakups, of coalition politics, 63, 86–8
funding of election campaign, 89 British Labour Party, 86, 239
‘landslide victory’ in 2013, 120 Bumiputera dominance, 127
legacy and domination of Malaysian Bumiputera Enterprise Empowerment
electoral politics, 84 Programme (BEEP), 91
model of power-sharing, 103
multiethnic support base, 63 calon Muslim berwibawa (credible
online cyber-campaigning, 119 Muslim candidates), 198

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