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272 Index
opposition to hudud (Islamic laws), ethnic composition, of constituencies,
136 20, 22, 64, 65, 238
percentages of Malay support for, 73 ethnic distribution, of electoral support,
popular vote in relation to the size of 63, 67–8, 71
the Chinese electorate, 70 ethnic ‘groups-in-con ict’, 61
Sekolah Demokrasi initiative, 134–6 ethnicity-based parties, formation of, 61
underestimation of Malay support, 75 ethnic power-sharing, policy of, 83,
vote share, 72 90–1, 105
democratisation by elections, 8, 246 ethnonationalistic campaigning, rise of,
developing economies, 252 125
Dewan Pemuda PAS, 133 Exim bank of China, 92
digital-media campaigning, 124
dominant party Facebook, 92, 113, 115–17, 121, 124,
fall of, 2, 8–10, 17, 43–5 126, 137, 144, 184, 194, 199,
power of, 43 201–2, 248
advertisements, 115, 123
East Coast Rail Link, 92 response to the CA scandal, 123
East Malaysia, 2, 4–5, 8, 91, 93, 101, factional warfare, 238
105, 142, 233, 235, 241, 258 Fahmi Fadzil, 114, 124–5
echo chambers, 112, 127 Fall of the Public Man (1976), 127
economic empowerment, 125 Farish Noor, 175
economic restructuring, 259 fatwas, 171
Edge, e Federal Constitution, 157, 213
Edge Financial Daily, e, 89 Article 11(4) of, 154
Edge Weekly, e, 89 irteenth Schedule of, 214, 222,
investigations into 1MDB scandal, 89 241
Election Commission (EC), 7, 20, 93, Federal Land Development Authority
139, 144, 200, 214, 222, 257 (FELDA), 42, 51, 92, 94
electoral dominance, 45–6, 119 FELDA Global Ventures (FGV), 4,
electoral politics, in Malaysia, 5, 78, 82, 91
133, 139, 145, 149, 177, 205 federal–state relations, in Sarawak, 101
multiethnic coalitions of, 83–4 female leadership, 175, 179
elite di erentiation, 56 femininity, Islamic concepts of, 188
elite fragmentation, 42–5, 58 feudal loyalty, 5
and fall of a dominant party, 43–5 ght against corruption, 171
and party splits, 56 rst-mover advantage (FMA), 82
Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 153 rst-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral
ethnic-Chinese community, 39 system, 106n5, 211
domination of urban areas, 259 ‘backbench revolts’ for check-and-
voters of, 24–5, 31 balance, 238
ethnic composition, in Peninsular bene t of, 211
Malaysia, 20 built-in instability of permanent
performance of political parties by, 22 coalitions, 238
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