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Lists of Tables, Charts, Maps, and Figures ix

Table 4.14 Estimation of Malay support in MCA-DAP-PAS
contests (2018) 76
Table 7.1 Registered voters as of 4th quarter 2017 140
Table 7.2 Comparison of the main coalitions’ GE14 youth-related
manifesto items 141
Table 10.1 Election results in Sungai Ramal (formerly Bangi)
in 2018 and 2013 205
Table 11.1 e deliberate inter-regional malapportionment in 1963 213
Table 11.2 Expansion of federal and state legislatures accompanying
constituency delimitation exercises, 1958–2018 215
Table 11.3 Worsened inter-state malapportionment with 2003
parliamentary expansion in West Malaysia 216
Table 11.4 e 2003–05 legislature expansion: Increase in seats
before amendment of the Federal Constitution 217
Table 11.5 EC malapportionment guidelines by number of voters
and geographic area, 2003/05 218
Table 11.6 Malapportionment of parliamentary constituencies
by state, before and after 2015–18 delimitation exercises 219
Table 11.7 Malapportionment of state constituencies by state,
before and after 2015–18 delimitation exercises 220
Table 11.8 Percentage of valid votes in parliamentary contests
for major parties, 1955–2018 elections 226
Table 11.9 Percentage of parliamentary seats won by major parties,
1955–2018 elections 227
Table 11.10 Ratio of seat share/vote share for major parties,
1955–2018 elections 228
Table 11.11 Imbalance in vote values between the ruling coalition
and largest opposition parties, 1955–2018 elections 229
Table 11.12 Changing con guration of ruling and opposition
coalitions in Malaysia, 1990–2018 232
Table 11.13 Calculation of the bene ts to parties of joining
a coalition 233
Table 11.14 Emerging regional two-party systems, by votes
and seats, in 2018 parliamentary contests 234
Table 11.15 Parliamentary constituencies in West Malaysia
with plurality winners 235
Table 11.16 Wasted votes in West Malaysia, 1999–2018 237
Table 11.17 Women’s under-representation in/after the 2018 election 239

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