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iii. Polishing : the smoothening or rounding of surface aggregate. Aggregate extending above the
asphalt binder is either very small or there no rough or angular aggregate particles.
iv. Delamination : the loss of discrete and large area wearing course, exposing the layer underneath.
Figure 10-1: Types of Cracks
Figure 10-2: Types of Surface Defects Figure 10-3: Types of Surface Deformation
(Source: Jabatan Kerja Raya (1992). “A Guide to Visual Assessment of Flexible Pavement Surface Conditions.”
Kuala Lumpur: IKRAM)
10.1.1 The types of highway maintenance in Malaysia
The highway maintenance operation is specifically planned according to restorative and preventive
methods. The types of highway maintenance in Malaysia listed below:
i. Emergency maintenance
ii. Routine maintenance
iii. Periodic maintenance
iv. Rehabilitation maintenance
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