Page 86 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

INTE RNATIONA L LAW AND T HE $E,\ 91

recently. many of the former satellite states of the old Soviet Union. STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
Additional countries mil)' be invited to join in the future, including
some of the member states of thc Russian Federation. I. \Vhat are the official representatives of our government in
foreign capitals called?
2. \ Vhat is the bod)' of rules that has evolved to regulate mall)' of
Collective Security Trends the relations between nations called?
There has been much soul-searching in Congress ,md br promi- 3. \ Vhat aspcct of international law pertains to relations between
nent commentators of many political persuasions concerning U.S. independent nations?
involvement in collective security arrangements. The questions 4. How does the U.S. Constitution regard international treaties?
usuall}' raised revolve around two fundamental issues:
5. \Vhat is diplomacy?
Do U.S. defense trellties contribute to the nation's security. or 6. \Vhere did the principles of early international law originate?
do the}' unavoidabl}' involve the United States in costly wars
7. \ Vhich official world body rules in cases involving application
where American interests are not at stllke? of international law?
Under what circulllstances and for the benefit of which 8. Under international law. what three characteristics are
nations or govcrnments should Americans be prepared to necessary for a state to be rega rded as sovercign?
honor Il pledge of defense by going to war?
9. \Vhat unique relationships still apply between Britain and its
Other questions involve the need for overseas bases and large former colonies?
standing military and naval forces. the risi ng costs of the defense lD. \Vhat are the fundamental rights of a sovereign nation?
budget, the priority of funds for social and economic problems at
II . \ Vhat are the legal rights of a nation if it obtai ns evidence of
home. the moral aspects of arms sales to foreign countries, and imminent attack by another country?
concern over the extent to which Congress has been removed from
12. \ Vhat legal term is applied to countries engaged in a lawful
the decision-making process on issues of war and peacc.
war?
All U.S. presidents since \·Vorld \'Var IT, however, have been able
13. \·Vhat is the step short of formal withdrawal of diplomatic
to lllilintain a policy of continued commitment to the democratic
recognition that coulltries mOl)' take whell cooperation
cause worldwide, but with hope of movement toward greater shar-
between them becomes very difficult?
ing of the responsibility among the allied nations. Essentially. this
14. A. \ Vhat is meant by diplomatic immunity for ambassadors,
e"olving policy has three main aspects:
attaches, and others of the embassy stan' and their families?
The United States will honor all of its treaty cOlllmitments,
R. \Vhat maya host coulltry do if an embassy staff 1l1elllber
both bec1Use of their merit and the need to maintain world
violates established standards of behavior?
stability. for to do otherwise would invite aggression.
15. A. \Vhat is the title of the senior U.S. service attache assigned
The United States will provide a shield if an aggressor nuclear to an embassy?
power threatens the freedom of an ally or if the survival of the
B. \ Vhat does the acronym ALUSNA mean?
nation threatened is considered vital to U.S. security.
16. \ Vhilt recent technical innovation is international law
In cases involving other types of aggression, the United States
beginning to address today?
will furnish military and economic assistance whell requested
17. \·Vhat is the bllsic purpose of the United Nations?
in accordance with treaty commitments. However, the United
States will look to that nation directly threatened to IlSSllllle 18. Who are the five permanent members of the United Nations
the primary responsibility of providing the manpower for its Security Council?
own defense. 19. \ Vhat actions can the Securit)' Council take to maintain or
restore peace and security in a gi\'en world situiltion?
This policy is dynam ic-stable but changing as conditions
20. \ Vhat ;:lrc the two main collective defense arrangements in
change, just as the degree of threat to the United Stntes changes.
which the United States is an active participant?
II is likely that collective security will continue to pill)' a signifi-
cant role in U.S. foreign policy. An attempt to retrent to isolc1tion- 21. \Vhnt is the keystone provision of each of the va riolls
ism would be a tlight from reality. It is not likely that the United collective defense treaties?
States will relinquish its claim to world leadership, for that would 22. \·Vhich countries currently belong to NATO?
probably invite aggression worldwide.