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The Applied Biochemical and 73
Metabolic Aspects of Diabetes and Heart

activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) generation and reduced explains interindividual variability in responsiveness to low-dose aspirin in
endothelialnitric oxide synthase production . patients with and without diabetes. J Thromb Haemost 2012;10:1220–
(6)
1230.
4. Shunting of excessiveintracellular glucose via 11. Li ZY,Wang P, Miao CY. Adipokines in inflammation, insulin resistance and
fructose 6-phosphate to glucosamine6-phos- cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011;38:888–896.
phate, a reaction catalysed by the amidotrans-
ferases. Glucosamine 6-phosphate undergoes
furtherconversion to UDP N-acetyl glucosamine,
which, bybinding to serine and threonine resi-
dues on transcriptionfactors, leads to increased
proinflammatory cytokine activity(TGF-β, PAI-1
(12)
and others) .
CONCLUSION
The overlap of pathogenetic mechanisms of diabe-
tes and atherosclerosis seems promising to identi-
fytherapeutic targets shared by both diseases. Many
of the pro-atherogenic mechanisms of diabetes may
be related to hyperglycemia and thereby promote
macrovascular complications. Also aggressive thera-
py of cardiovascular risk factors other than diabetes,
i.e. hyperlipidemia or hypertension, canimprove the
long-term prognosis of diabetic patients with cardio-
vascular disease. Identifying and approaching new
therapeutic targets may help to further improve their
prognosis.

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