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ARTIKEL PELAJAR JABATAN
REKABENTUK KOMUNIKASI DAN
VISUAL

Printing press, machine by which text and images are transferred to paper or other
media by means of ink. Although movable type, as well as paper, first appeared in China,
it was in Europe that printing first became mechanized. The earliest mention of a printing
press is in a lawsuit in Strasbourg in 1439 revealing construction of a press for Johannes
Gutenberg and his associates. The invention of the printing press itself obviously owed much
to the medieval paper press, in turn modeled after the ancient wine-and-olive press of the
Mediterranean area.

A long handle was used to turn a heavy wooden screw,
exerting downward pressure against the paper, which was laid
over the type mounted on a wooden platen. In its essentials, the
wooden press reigned supreme for more than 300 years, with a
hardly varying rate of 250 sheets per hour printed on one side.
Metal presses began to appear late in the 18th century, at about which time the advantages
of the cylinder were first perceived and the application of steam power was considered.

By the mid-19th century, Richard M. Hoe of New York had perfected a power-driven
cylinder press in which a large central cylinder carrying the type successively printed on the
paper of four impression cylinders, producing 8,000 sheets an hour in 2,000 revolutions. The
rotary press came to dominate the high-speed newspaper field, but the flatbed press, having
a flatbed to hold the type and either a reciprocating platen or a cylinder to hold the paper,
continued to be used for job printing.

A significant innovation of the late 19th century was the offset press, in which the
printing (blanket) cylinder runs continuously in one direction while paper is impressed
against it by an impression cylinder. Offset printing is especially valuable for colour printing,
because an offset press can print multiple colours in one run. Offset lithography used for
books, newspapers, magazines, business forms, and direct mail continued to be the most
widely used printing method at the start of the 21st century, though it was challenged by
ink-jet, laser, and other printing methods.

NAMA PENULIS : Nurhidayatul Aishah Binti
Farizan & Nur Amirah Binti
Aminuddin
ARTIKEL : Printing Press

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