Page 384 - Color_Atlas_of_Physiology_5th_Ed._-_A._Despopoulos_2003

A. Larynx (cross-section) B. Motion of vocal cords
To oropharyngeal tract To
esophagus

Rima glottidis 1 2 3 4
(After Smith)

Voice and Speech

Vocal cords
To trachea
(wind space) 1–4
(After Paulsen)
C. Vocal range and singing range Plate 12.31
Fundamental tones of speech
Male Female

Note E H e h e 1 h 1 e 2 h 2 e 3
Frequency 81.5 122 163 244 326 488 652 977 1304
(Hz)
Bass
Singing range Tenor
Alto
Soprano
Chest tones Middle tones Head tones Extremes
(After Stockhausen-Spiess)
D. Vowel production
A U I
a:

oe ae
o e
a: u: i:
:c
u: y i:
Vocal triangle
Hz 100 1000 5000 100 1000 5000 100 1000 5000
Fundamental Formant range 371
tone (After Grützner and Freystedt)
Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme
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