Page 202 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill
P. 202
2 References
systems in a United Kingdom intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 49. Keene AR, Cullen DJ. Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System:
1997;25:9. update 1983. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:1.
31. Brannen AL II, Godfrey LJ, Goetter WE. Prediction of outcome 50. Malstam J, Lind L. Therapeutic intervention scoring system
from critical illness. A comparison of clinical judgment with a (TISS)—a method for measuring workload and calculating
prediction rule. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1083. costs in the ICU. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992;36:758.
32. Kruse JA, Thill-Baharozian MC, Carlson RW. Comparison of 51. Beck DH, McQuillan P, Smith GB. Waiting for the break of
clinical assessment with APACHE II for predicting mortality dawn? The effects of discharge time, discharge TISS scores
risk in patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit. JAMA. and discharge facility on hospital mortality after intensive care.
1988;260:1739. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:1287.
33. McClish DK, Powell SH. How well can physicians estimate mortal- 52. Noseworthy TW, Konopad E, Shustack A, et al. Cost accounting
ity in a medical intensive care unit? Med Decis Making. 1989;9:125. of adult intensive care: methods and human and capital inputs.
34. Poses RM, Bekes C, Winkler RL, et al. Are two (inexperienced) Crit Care Med. 1996;24:1168.
heads better than one (experienced) head? Averaging house 53. Boyd O, Grounds RM. Physiological scoring systems and audit.
officers’ prognostic judgments for critically ill patients. Arch Lancet. 1993;341:1573.
Intern Med. 1990;150:1874. 54. Teres D, Lemeshow S. Why severity models should be used with
35. Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, et al. Multiple organ caution. Crit Care Clin. 1994;10:93; discussion 111.
dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical 55. Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA, Judson JA, et al. Patient selection
outcome. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1638.
for intensive care: a comparison of New Zealand and United
36. Le Gall JR, Klar J, Lemeshow S, et al. The Logistic Organ States hospitals. Crit Care Med. 1988;16:318.
Dysfunction system. A new way to assess organ dysfunction in 56. Rapoport J, Teres D, Barnett R, et al. A comparison of intensive
the intensive care unit. ICU Scoring Group. JAMA. 1996;276:802.
care unit utilization in Alberta and western Massachusetts. Crit
37. Peres Bota D, Melot C, Lopes Ferreira F, et al. The Multiple Care Med. 1995;23:1336.
Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) versus the Sequential 57. Pearson G, Shann F, Barry P, et al. Should paediatric intensive
Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in outcome prediction. care be centralised? Trent versus Victoria. Lancet. 1997;349:1213.
Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:1619.
38. Dellinger RP, Opal SM, Rotrosen D, et al. From the bench to 58. Carson SS, Stocking C, Podsadecki T, et al. Effects of organiza-
the bedside: the future of sepsis research. Executive summary of tional change in the medical intensive care unit of a teaching
an American College of Chest Physicians, National Institute of hospital: a comparison of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ formats. JAMA.
Allergy and Infectious Disease, and National Heart, Lung, and 1996;276:322.
Blood Institute Workshop. Chest. 1997;111:744. 59. Reynolds HN, Haupt MT, Thill-Baharozian MC, et al. Impact
of critical care physician staffing on patients with septic shock
39. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation
with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal in a university hospital medical intensive care unit. JAMA.
volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress 1988;260:3446.
syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1301. 60. Brown JJ, Sullivan G. Effect on ICU mortality of a full-time
critical care specialist. Chest. 1989;96:127.
40. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al. Efficacy and safety
of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N 61. Zimmerman JE, Shortell SM, Rousseau DM, et al. Improving
Engl J Med. 2001;344:699. intensive care: observations based on organizational case stud-
41. Baker SP, O’Neill B. The injury severity score: an update. J ies in nine intensive care units: a prospective, multicenter study.
Trauma. 1976;16:882. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:1443.
42. Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Carnazzo AJ, et al. Trauma score. Crit 62. Rapoport J, Teres D, Lemeshow S, et al. A method for assess-
Care Med. 1981;9:672. ing the clinical performance and cost-effectiveness of intensive
care units: a multicenter inception cohort study. Crit Care Med.
43. Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Copes WS, et al. A revision of the 1994;22:1385.
Trauma Score. J Trauma. 1989;29:623.
44. Champion HR, Copes WS, Sacco WJ, et al. A new characteriza- 63. Sherck JP, Shatney CH. ICU scoring systems do not allow pre-
diction of patient outcomes or comparison of ICU performance.
tion of injury severity. J Trauma. 1990;30:539; discussion 545. Crit Care Clin. 1996;12:515.
45. Vassar MJ, Wilkerson CL, Duran PJ, et al. Comparison of 64. Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Knaus WA, et al. The use of
APACHE II, TRISS, and a proposed 24-hour ICU point system risk predictions to identify candidates for intermediate care
for prediction of outcome in ICU trauma patients. J Trauma. units. Implications for intensive care utilization and cost. Chest.
1992;32:490; discussion 499.
1995;108:490.
46. Vassar MJ, Holcroft JW. The case against using the APACHE 65. Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Hannan DS, et al. Assessment of
system to predict intensive care unit outcome in trauma injury severity: the triage index. Crit Care Med. 1980;8:201.
patients. Crit Care Clin. 1994;10:117; discussion 127.
47. Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, LaBrecque JF, et al. Use of predicted 66. Xigris package insert. Indianapolis: Eli Lilly and Company; 2001.
risk of mortality to evaluate the efficacy of anticytokine therapy 67. Warren HS, Suffredini AF, Eichacker PQ, et al. Risks and ben-
in sepsis. The rhIL-1ra Phase III Sepsis Syndrome Study Group. efits of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis. N Engl J
Crit Care Med. 1996;24:46. Med. 2002;347:1027.
48. Cullen DJ, Civetta JM, Briggs BA, et al. Therapeutic interven- 68. Manns BJ, Lee H, Doig CJ, et al. An economic evaluation of
tion scoring system: a method for quantitative comparison of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med.
patient care. Crit Care Med. 1974;2:57. 2002;347:993.
Section01-O-ref.indd 2 12/10/2014 8:06:41 PM

