Page 203 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill
P. 203
References 3
69. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G, et al. Cost- mortality after coronary artery by-pass surgery. J Cardiovasc
effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the treatment of Surg (Torino). 1995;36:1.
severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:1. 88. Kern H, Redlich U, Hotz H, et al. Risk factors for prolonged
70. Morris PE, Light RB, Garber GE. Identifying patients with ventilation after cardiac surgery using APACHE II, SAPS II, and
severe sepsis who should not be treated with drotrecogin alfa TISS: comparison of three different models. Intensive Care Med.
(activated). Am J Surg. 2002;184:S19. 2001;27:407.
71. Polderman KH, Jorna EM, Girbes AR. Inter-observer variability 89. Pittet D, Thievent B, Wenzel RP, et al. Bedside prediction of
in APACHE II scoring: effect of strict guidelines and training. mortality from bacteremic sepsis. A dynamic analysis of ICU
Intensive Care Med. 2001;27:1365. patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:684.
72. Luce JM, Wachter RM. The ethical appropriateness of using 90. McLauchlan GJ, Anderson ID, Grant IS, et al. Outcome of
prognostic scoring systems in clinical management. Crit Care patients with abdominal sepsis treated in an intensive care unit.
Clin. 1994;10:229. Br J Surg. 1995;82:524.
73. Schneiderman LJ, Jecker NS, Jonsen AR. Medical futil- 91. Ohmann C, Hau T. Prognostic indices in peritonitis.
ity: its meaning and ethical implications. Ann Intern Med. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997;44:937.
1990;112:949. 92. Bosscha K, Reijnders K, Hulstaert PF, et al. Prognostic scoring
74. Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, Lynn J, et al. The SUPPORT prognostic systems to predict outcome in peritonitis and intra-abdominal
model. Objective estimates of survival for seriously ill hospital- sepsis. Br J Surg. 1997;84:1532.
ized adults. Study to understand prognoses and preferences for 93. Gates LK Jr. Severity scoring for acute pancreatitis: where do we
outcomes and risks of treatments. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:191. stand in 1999? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 1999;1:134.
75. The SUPPORT Principal Investigators for the SUPPORT Project. A 94. Soran A, Chelluri L, Lee KK, et al. Outcome and quality of life of
controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized patients: patients with acute pancreatitis requiring intensive care. J Surg
the study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes Res. 2000;91:89.
and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA. 1995;274:1591.
95. Halonen KI, Pettila V, Leppaniemi AK, et al. Multiple organ
76. Watts CM, Knaus WA. The case for using objective scoring dysfunction associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Crit Care
systems to predict intensive care unit outcome. Crit Care Clin. Med. 2002;30:1274.
1994;10:73; discussion 9. 96. Chatzicostas C, Roussomoustakaki M, Vlachonikolis IG, et al.
77. Lee DK, Swinburne AJ, Fedullo AJ, et al. Withdrawing care. Comparison of Ranson, APACHE II and APACHE III scoring
Experience in a medical intensive care unit. JAMA. 1994;271:1358. systems in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2002;25:331.
78. Prendergast TJ, Luce JM. Increasing incidence of withholding 97. Khan AA, Parekh D, Cho Y, et al. Improved prediction of out-
and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill. Am J Respir come in patients with severe acute pancreatitis by the APACHE
Crit Care Med. 1997;155:15. II score at 48 hours after hospital admission compared with the
79. Youngner SJ. Who defines futility? JAMA. 1988;260:2094. APACHE II score at admission. Acute Physiology and Chronic
80. Selker HP. Systems for comparing actual and predicted mortal- Health Evaluation. Arch Surg. 2002;137:1136.
ity rates: characteristics to promote cooperation in improving 98. Liu TH, Kwong KL, Tamm EP, et al. Acute pancreatitis in
hospital care. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:820. intensive care unit patients: value of clinical and radiologic
81. Zauner CA, Apsner RC, Kranz A, et al. Outcome prediction for prognosticators at predicting clinical course and outcome. Crit
patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a medical ICU: a compari- Care Med. 2003;31:1026.
son of the APACHE scores and liver-specific scoring systems. 99. Imrie CW. Prognostic indicators in acute pancreatitis. Can
Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:559. J Gastroenterol. 2003;17:325.
82. Chatzicostas C, Roussomoustakaki M, Notas G, et al. A com- 100. Ludwigs U, Hulting J. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health
parison of Child-Pugh, APACHE II and APACHE III scoring Evaluation II scoring system in acute myocardial infarction:
systems in predicting hospital mortality of patients with liver a prospective validation study. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:854.
cirrhosis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2003;3:7. 101. Reina A, Vazquez G, Aguayo E, et al. Mortality discrimination
83. Sculier JP, Paesmans M, Markiewicz E, et al. Scoring systems in in acute myocardial infarction: comparison between APACHE
cancer patients admitted for an acute complication in a medical III and SAPS II prognosis systems. PAEEC Group. Intensive
intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:2786. Care Med. 1997;23:326.
84. Staudinger T, Stoiser B, Mullner M, et al. Outcome and prog- 102. Ludwigs U, Csatlos M, Hulting J. Predicting in-hospital mor-
nostic factors in critically ill cancer patients admitted to the tality in acute myocardial infarction: impact of thrombolytic
intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1322. therapy on APACHE II performance. Scand Cardiovasc J.
85. Guiguet M, Blot F, Escudier B, et al. Severity-of-illness scores 2000;34:371.
for neutropenic cancer patients in an intensive care unit: which 103. Chiang HT, Lin SL, Hsu HC, et al. Prediction of in-hospital
is the best predictor? Do multiple assessment times improve the mortality in patients with myocardial infarction using APACHE
predictive value? Crit Care Med. 1998;26:488. II system. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2001;64:501.
86. Shaughnessy TE, Mickler TA. Does Acute Physiologic and 104. Brown MC, Crede WB. Predictive ability of acute physiology and
Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scoring predict need chronic health evaluation II scoring applied to human immuno-
for prolonged support after coronary revascularization? Anesth deficiency virus-positive patients. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:848.
Analg. 1995;81:24. 105. Casalino E, Mendoza-Sassi G, Wolff M, et al. Predictors of
87. Becker RB, Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA, et al. The use of short- and long-term survival in HIV-infected patients admit-
APACHE III to evaluate ICU length of stay, resource use, and ted to the ICU. Chest. 1998;113:421.
Section01-O-ref.indd 3 12/10/2014 8:06:42 PM

