Page 794 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill
P. 794

Chapter 59Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
                                Jean Chastre Jean-Yves Fagon



                     REFERENCES

                       1. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired,     15. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ. Inadequate antimi-
                        ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia.   crobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortal-
                        Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:388-416.            ity among critically ill patients. Chest. 1999;115:462-474.
                       2. Celis R, Torres A, Gatell JM, Almela M, Rodriguez-Roisin R,     16. Rello J, Gallego M, Mariscal D, Sonora R, Valles J. The
                        Agusti-Vidal A. Nosocomial pneumonia. A multivariate analy-  value of routine microbial investigation in ventilator-associated
                        sis of risk and prognosis. Chest. 1988;93:318-324.        pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:196-200.
                       3. Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia.  Am J     17. Corley DE, Kirtland SH, Winterbauer RH, et al. Reproducibility
                        Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:867-903.                 of the histologic diagnosis of pneumonia among a panel of
                       4. Craven DE. Epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia.   four pathologists: analysis of a gold standard. Chest. 1997;112:
                        Chest. 2000;117:186S-187S.                              458-465.
                       5. Craven DE, Steger KA. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically     18. Kirtland SH, Corley DE, Winterbauer RH, et al. The diagnosis
                        ventilated adult patients: epidemiology and prevention in 1996.   of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a comparison of histologic,
                        Semin Respir Infect. 1996;11:32-53.                     microbiologic, and clinical criteria. Chest. 1997;112:445-457.
                       6. Cross AS, Roup B. Role of respiratory assistance devices in     19. Marquette CH, Copin MC, Wallet F, et al. Diagnostic tests for
                        endemic nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Med. 1981;70:681-685.  pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of
                       7. Haley RW, Hooton TM, Culver DH, et al. Nosocomial infec-  diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold stan-
                        tions in U.S. hospitals, 1975-1976: estimated frequency by   dard. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:1878-1888.
                        selected characteristics of patients. Am J Med. 1981;70:947-959.    20. Rouby JJ, Martin De Lassale E, Poete P, et al. Nosocomial
                       8. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, et al. The prevalence of noso-  bronchopneumonia in the critically ill. Histologic and bacte-
                        comial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of   riologic aspects [see comments]. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:
                        the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC)   1059-1066.
                        Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee [see com-    21. Langer M, Cigada M, Mandelli M, Mosconi P, Tognoni G. Early
                        ments]. JAMA. 1995;274:639-644.                         onset pneumonia: a multicenter study in intensive care units.
                       9. Bell RC, Coalson JJ, Smith JD, Johanson WG. Multiple organ   Intensive Care Med. 1987;13:342-346.
                        system failure and infection in adult respiratory distress syn-    22. Tejerina E, Esteban A, Fernandez-Segoviano P, et al. Accuracy
                        drome. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:293-298.                 of clinical definitions of ventilator-associated pneumonia: com-
                      10. Chastre J, Trouillet JL, Vuagnat A, et al. Nosocomial pneumo-  parison with autopsy findings. J Crit Care. 2010;25:62-68.
                        nia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J     23. Klompas M. Interobserver variability in ventilator-associated
                        Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:1165-1172.               pneumonia surveillance. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38:237-239.
                      11. Craven DE, Kunches LM, Kilinsky V, Lichtenberg DA, Make BJ,     24. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ, Domart Y, Trouillet JL, Gibert C.
                        McCabe WR. Risk factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients   Evaluation of clinical judgment in the identification and treat-
                        receiving continuous mechanical ventilation.  Am Rev Respir   ment of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients.  Chest.
                        Dis. 1986;133:792-796.                                  1993;103:547-553.
                      12. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Domart Y, et al. Nosocomial pneumo-    25. Schurink CA, Van Nieuwenhoven CA, Jacobs JA, et al. Clinical
                        nia  in  patients  receiving  continuous  mechanical  ventilation.   pulmonary infection score for ventilator-associated pneumonia:
                        Prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected   accuracy and inter-observer  variability.  Intensive Care Med.
                        specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques.  Am Rev   2004;30:217-224.
                        Respir Dis. 1989;139:877-884.                        26. Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, et al. International study of the
                      13. Rello J, Ausina V, Ricart M, Castella J, Prats G. Impact of pre-  prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units.
                        vious antimicrobial therapy on the etiology and outcome of   JAMA. 2009;302:2323-2329.
                        ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 1993;104:1230-1235.    27. Esperatti M, Ferrer M, Theessen A, et al. Nosocomial pneumo-
                      14. Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, et al. Incidence, risk, and progno-  nia in the intensive care unit acquired by mechanically venti-
                        sis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated   lated versus nonventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
                        patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:523-528.          2010;182:1533-1539.







            Section04-O-ref.indd   1                                                                                   1/21/2015   11:23:23 AM
   789   790   791   792   793   794   795   796   797   798   799