Page 12 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

X Contents

Control Circuit Alarms 75
Output Alarms 76
Summary 76
Self-Assessment Questions 77
Answers to Self-Assessment Questions 78
References 78
Additional Resources 79

Chapter 4: operating Modes of MeChaniCal Ventilation

Introduction 82
Negative and Positive Pressure Ventilation 82
Negative Pressure Ventilation 83
Positive Pressure Ventilation 84
Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation 84
Closed-Loop System 86
Spontaneous 86
Apnea Ventilation 87
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) 87
Indications for PEEP 87
Physiology of PEEP 89
Complications of PEEP 89
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) 91
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) 91
Indications for BiPAP 91
Initial Settings 92
Adjustments of IPAP and EPAP 92
Controlled Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) 92
Indications for Control Mode 93
Complications of Control Mode 94
Assist/Control (AC) 94
Assist Control Triggering Mechanism 94
Assist Control Cycling Mechanism 95
Indications for AC Mode 95
Advantages of AC Mode 96
Complications of AC Mode 96
Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) 96
Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) 97
SIMV Mandatory Breath-Triggering Mechanism 97
SIMV Spontaneous Breath-Triggering Mechanism 98
Indications for SIMV Mode 99
Advantages of SIMV Mode 99
Complications of SIMV Mode 100
Mandatory Minute Ventilation (MMV) 100
Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) 102
Indications for PSV Mode 103
Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) 104

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