Page 545 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation 511

10. A patient in the emergency department who was involved in a motor vehicle crash has a Glasgow Coma
Scale score of 7. This means that the patient has:
A. no brain injury. C. moderate brain injury.
B. severe brain injury. D. coma.

11. Based on a study published in trauma.org, the intracranial pressure may be lowered by _______ a patient
to a PaCO level of _______ during the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation.
2
A. hyperventilating, 26 mm Hg C. hyperventilating, 55 mm Hg
B. hypoventilating, 55 mm Hg D. hypoventilating, 26 mm Hg

Answers to Self-Assessment Questions

1. D. 4. B. 7. B. 10. B.

2. A. 5. D. 8. C. 11. A.
3. C. 6. A. 9. D.

References

The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. (2000). Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared
with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. New England
Journal of Medicine, 342, 1301–1308.

Agamanolis, D. P. (2011). Cerebral ischemia and stroke. http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter2/chapter2aHIE
.html Accessed 3/2/2012.
Antonelli, M., Conti, G., Rocco, M., Bufi, M., Alberto De Blasi, R., Vivino, G., . . . Meduri, G. U. (1998).
A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients
with acute respiratory failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 429–35.
Apisarnthanarak, A., Pinitchai, U., Thongphubeth, K., Yuekyen, C., Warren, D. K., Zack, J. E., . . . Fraser, V. J.
(2007). Effectiveness of an educational program to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care
center in Thailand: A 4-year study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45, 704–11.
Bernard, G. R., Artigas, A., Brigham, K. L., Carlet, J., Falke, K., Hudson, L., . . . Spragg, R. (1994). The
American-European consensus conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical
trial coordination. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 149(3), 818–824.
Bezzant, T. B., & Mortensen, J. D. (1994). Risks and hazards of mechanical ventilation: A collective review of
published literature. Disease-a-Month, 40(11), 581–638.

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