Page 615 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Nontraditional Settings 581

Key Terms

hyperbaric condition pressure compensation
hyperbaric oxygen SALT
hypobaric condition SOFA
mass casualty START
monoplace hyperbaric chamber strategic national stockpile (SNS)
multiplace hyperbaric chamber triage
pandemic

Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter and completing the review questions, the learner
should be able to:
Discuss the indications, contraindications, and patient and equipment se-
lection for mechanical ventilation at home.
Discuss the use of mechanical ventilation in a mass casualty setting to in-
clude the triage systems, strategic national stockpile, exclusion criteria, and
personnel and planning.
List and describe the precautionary measures for mechanical ventilation in
a hyperbaric condition.
List and describe the precautionary measures for mechanical ventilation in
a hypobaric condition.
List and describe the precautionary measures when using a portable venti-
lator and oxygen concentrator at high altitudes.

INTRODUCTION

Mechanical ventilation has become more commonplace as technology makes
ventilators smaller and more capable for use in nontraditional settings. In addition
to home care usage, mechanical ventilators play an important role in mass casu-
alty incidents. Ventilators are also used in hyperbaric medicine for the treatment of
ventilator-assisted individuals requiring mechanical ventilation with conditions such as
gas gangrene and severe carbon monoxide poisoning. For air transport of critically
ill patients, pressure-compensated ventilators for hypobaric conditions are available
to reduce fluctuation of delivered volumes. These ventilators are also suitable for
ventilator-dependent patients who travel by air.

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