Page 259 - Encyclopedia of Nursing Research

226 n HISTOry OF NUrSING reSeArcH

characteristics of specialization in administration, and education. The
nursing. center was initially located in the
H 1981 Strategies for Promoting Health for Division of Nursing, Bureau of Health
Specific Populations was published by Manpower, Health resources, and
the Department of Health and Human Services Administration, but in 1986 it
Services (formerly Department of Health, became part of the National Institutes
education, and Welfare). Diagnosis of Health (NIH). In 1993, the NcNr
related Groups were mandated by was renamed the National Institute of
Health care Financing Administration Nursing research (NINr).
for Medicare regarding reimbursement. 1988 The Agency for Healthcare policy and
This stimulated the importance of evi- research within the Department of
dence-based practical nursing. Health and Human Services was estab-
1983 The 1981 White House conference on lished to focus on the development of
Aging: executive Summary of Technical clinical practice guidelines, outcome
committee on Health Maintenance and measures, and effectiveness research.
Health promotion and the Report of the (The name was changed to Agency for
Mini Conference on Long-term Care: Report Healthcare research and Quality).
of the Technical Committee on Health Services:
Nursing and Nurse Education—Public Thirty years after the idea was first
Policies and Private Actions. report of the proposed by the NIH’s National Advisory
Institute of Medicine, National Academy council, the NcNr was established in
of Sciences, defined nursing research and 1986. Its mandate was “to advance science
delineated its direction. Magnet Hospitals: to strengthen nursing practice and health
Attraction and Retention of Professional care that promotes health, prevents disease,
Nurses was published by the American and ameliorates the effects of illness and
Academy of Nursing. Report of the Task disability.” The placement of NcNr at the
Force on Nursing Practice in Hospitals. NIH moved nursing research into a broader-
New legislation established reimburse- based biomedical research environment and
ment policies for hospitals based on pro- facilitated the collaboration between nurs-
spective payment of Diagnosis related ing and other research disciplines. On June
Groups the determined amount paid for 9, 1993, the NcNr was renamed and became
Medicare patients. the NINr, which placed nursing on an equal
1983 The first volume of the Annual Review footing with other NIH institutes. In 2010,
of Nursing Research series was published NINr celebrated its 25th anniversary.
by Springer publishing company. The NINr is the key organ for funding
1984 The ANA formed the ANA council nursing research grants and contracts and has
on computer Applications in Nursing approved priority areas for research as deter-
to focus on computer technology per- mined by its National Advisory council for
tinent to nursing practice, education, Nursing research. The NINr provides a scien-
administration, and research. The ANA tific base for patient care and is used by many
cabinet on Nursing research published disciplines among health care professionals—
Directions for Nursing Research: Toward the especially by the nation’s 2.5 million nurses.
Twenty First Century. NINr-supported research spans both health
1985 The National center for Nursing and illness and deals with individuals of all age
research (NcNr) was established groups. Nursing research addresses the issues
in the USpHS. programs would that examine the core of patients’ and families’
work to enlarge the scientific knowl- personal encounters with illness, disability,
edge underlying nursing services, treatment, and disease prevention. In addition,