Page 256 - Encyclopedia of Nursing Research

HISTOry OF NUrSING reSeArcH n 223

In the nineteenth century, Florence service provided adequate patient
Nightingale, a founder of modern nursing, care. The result was the classic report,
was the first nurse to do research in connec- Nurses, Patients, and Pocket-books. H
tion with nursing, when she used statistics 1934 The second project of the committee
in the analysis of her data. She was the first on the Grading of Nursing Schools
biostatistician in nursing. Nightingale did was a job analysis reported in An
her work alone and not until after World Activity Analysis of Nursing. The grad-
War II was there an organized, continuing ing of nursing schools was not real-
effort to conduct further nursing research. ized until the establishment of the
Nursing care research is defined as research National Nursing Accrediting Service
directed to understanding the nursing care in 1950.
of individuals and groups and the biological, 1935 The American Nurses Association
physiological, social, behavioral, and envi- (ANA) published Some Facts About
ronmental mechanisms influencing health Nursing: A Handbook for Speakers and
and disease that are relevant to nursing care. Others, which contained yearly compi-
Nursing research develops knowledge about lations of statistical data about regis-
health and the promotion of health over the tered nurses.
life span, care of persons with health prob- 1936 The ANA scrutinized the economic sit-
lems and disabilities, and nursing actions uation of nurses by studying incomes,
that enhance the ability of individuals to salaries, and employment conditions; it
respond effectively to actual or potential excluded public health nurses.
health problems. The following is a sum- 1939 The second project of the committee
mary of major hallmarks in the history of on the Grading of Nursing Schools was
nursing research: a job analysis reported in An Activity
Analysis of Nursing. The grading of nurs-
1920 Josephine Goldmark, under the direc- ing schools was not realized until the
tion of Haven emerson, conducted establishment of the National Nursing
a comprehensive survey that identi- Accrediting Service in 1950.
fied the inadequacies of housing and 1940 pfefferkorn and rovetta compiled basic
instructional facilities for nursing data on the costs of nursing service and
students. nursing education.
1922 In a time study of institutional nursing, 1940 The American Nurses Association
the New york Academy of Medi cine (ANA) published Some Facts About
showed wide discrepancies in the costs Nursing: A Handbook for Speakers and
of nursing education and services. Others, which contained yearly compi-
1923 The committee for the Study of lations of statistical data about regis-
Nursing education conducted the tered nurses.
first comprehensive study of nurs- 1941 The USpHS conducted a national cen-
ing schools and public health agen- sus on nursing resources in coopera-
cies. The final report was published tion with state nursing associations as
as Nursing and Nursing Education the World War II loomed.
United States. 1943 The National Organization of public
1924 The first nursing doctoral program Health Nursing surveyed needs and
was established at Teacher’s college, resources for home care in 16 commu-
columbia University. nities. The work was reported in Public
1926 May Ayres Burgess was com missioned Health Nursing Care of the Sick.
by the committee on the Grading of 1948 The publication of the Brown report
Nursing Schools to ensure that nursing identified issues facing nursing