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152 P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E O F C R I T I C A L C A R E
Learning activities, Continued
6. Using the references provided in this chapter: ● Mood
● Highlight the importance of good quality sleep in health ● Cognitive function
and illness ● Physical function
● Identify theories that explain the function of sleep ● Appetite
7. Think about the last time you experienced fragmented sleep ● Motivation
or insufficient sleep and describe how you felt in terms of your:
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ICU Delirium and Cognitive Impairment Study Group, www.icudelirium.org 17. Ng F, Trauer T, Dodd S, Callaly T, Campbell S, Berk M. The validity of the
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FURTHER READING 18. Hornblow AR, Kidson MA. The visual analogue scale for anxiety: a validation
study. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1976; 10(4): 339–41.
19. McKinley S, Coote K, Stein-Parbury J. Development and testing of a Faces
Ballantyne J, Bonica JJ, Fishman S. Bonica’s management of pain. Philadelphia: Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients. J Adv Nurs 2003;
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. 41(1): 73–9.
Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M et al. Intensive Care Delirium Screening 20. Gustad L, Chaboyer W, Wallis M. Performance of the faces anxiety scale in
Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: patients transferred from the ICU. Inten Crit Care Nurs 2005; 21(6):
859–64. 355–60.
Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: 21. McKinley S, Madronio C. Validity of the Faces Anxiety Scale for the assess-
validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive ment of state anxiety in intensive care patients not receiving mechanical
care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA 2001; 286: 2703–10. ventilation. J Psychosom Res 2008; 64(5): 503–7.
Hardin KA. Sleep in the ICU: potential mechanisms and clinical implications. 22. Frazier SK, Moser DK, Daley LK, McKinley S, Riegel B et al. Critical care
Chest 2009; 136: 284–94.
nurses’ beliefs about and reported management of anxiety. Am J Crit Care
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