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1632   Part X  Transplantation

        CONCLUSIONS                                           Epperla N, Pasquini M, Pierce K, et al: Salvage haploidentical hematopoietic
                                                                 cell  transplantation  for  graft  rejection  following  a  prior  haploidentical
        HLA-haploidentical donors are a rapid and near universally available   allograft. Bone Marrow Transplant 52:147, 2017.
        source of HSCs for transplant into patients with poor-risk hemato-  Ghosh N, Karmali R, Rocha V, et al: Reduced-intensity transplantation for
        logic  malignancies.  HLA  mismatch  between  donor  and  recipient   lymphomas  using  haploidentical  related  donors  versus  HLA-matched
        stimulates not only alloreactive T cells but also NK and B cells, which   sibling donors: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant
        generates  unique  biologic  and  clinical  considerations.  The  major   Research analysis. J Clin Oncol 34:3141, 2016.
        drawback of HLA-haploidentical SCT is intense bidirectional allore-  Kanate  AS,  Mussetti  A,  Kharfan-Dabaja  MA,  et al:  Reduced-intensity
        activity resulting in higher incidences of graft failure, GVHD, and   transplantation  for  lymphomas  using  haploidentical  related  donors  vs
        NRM. Three modern approaches to haploSCT have mitigated these   HLA-matched unrelated donors. Blood 127(7):938–947, 2016.
        complications substantially: (1) megadose T cell–depleted SCTs; (2)   Leffell MS, Jones RJ, Gladstone DE: Donor HLA-specific Abs: to BMT or
        the  GIAC  protocol  involving  administration  of  ATG,  filgrastim-  not to BMT? Bone Marrow Transplant 50:751, 2015.
        mobilized marrow plus PBSCs, and intensive posttransplant immu-  Leventhal  JR,  Elliott  MJ,  Yolcu  ES,  et al:  Immune  reconstitution/
        nosuppression; and (3) high-dose, posttransplant cyclophosphamide   immunocompetence  in  recipients  of  kidney  plus  hematopoietic  stem/
        as part of GVHD prophylaxis. Outcomes of haploSCT for hemato-  facilitating cell transplants. Transplantation 99(2):288–298, 2015.
        logic  malignancies  using  these  strategies  now  approach  those  seen   McCurdy SR, Kanakry JA, Showel MM, et al: Risk-stratified outcomes of
        after HLA-matched SCT. Prospective randomized trials comparing   nonmyeloablative, HLA-haploidentical BMT with high-dose posttrans-
        different graft sources will be needed to determine the donor priority   plantation cyclophosphamide. Blood 125:3024, 2015.
        for patients referred for allogeneic SCT. Priorities for future research   O’Donnell PV, Eapen M, Horowitz MM, et al: Comparable outcomes with
        include improving immune reconstitution and preventing or treating   marrow or peripheral blood as stem cell sources for hematopoietic cell
        relapsed malignancy.                                     transplantation from haploidentical donors after non-ablative condition-
                                                                 ing: a matched-pair analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 51:2016, 1599.
                                                              O’Donnell  P,  Raj  K,  Pagliuca  A:  High  fever  occurring  4  to  5  days  post-
        SUGGESTED READINGS                                       transplant of haploidentical bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells
                                                                 after  reduced-intensity  conditioning  associated  with  the  use  of  post-
        Abboud R, Keller J, Slade M, et al: Severe cytokine-release syndrome after   transplant cyclophosphamide as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease.
           T  cell-replete  peripheral  blood  haploidentical  donor  transplantation  is   Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21(1):197–198, 2015.
           associated with poor survival and anti-IL-6 therapy is safe and well toler-  Or-Geva N, Reisner Y: The evolution of T-cell depletion in haploidentical
           ated. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 22:2016, 1851.     stem-cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 172(5):667–684, 2016.
        Aboul Nour H, Patil N, Chewning JH, et al: Safety of repeated un-manipulated   Rimondo A, Crocchiolo R, El-Cheikh J, et al: The calcineurin inhibitor and
           peripheral blood stem cell haploidentical transplant for graft failure. Bone   the intensity of the conditioning regimen may affect the occurrence of
           Marrow Transplant 52:157, 2017.                       polyomavirus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis after haploidentical hemato-
        Al-Homsi AS, Cole K, Bogema M, et al: Short course of post-transplantation   poietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide.
           cyclophosphamide and bortezomib for graft-versus-host disease preven-  Bone Marrow Transplant 52:135, 2017.
           tion after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is feasible   Ringdén O, Labopin M, Ciceri F, et al: Is there a stronger graft-versus-leu-
           and yields favorable results: a phase I study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant   kemia effect using HLA-haploidentical donors than with HLA-identical
           21:1315, 2015.                                        siblings? Leukemia 30:447, 2016.
        Arcese  W,  Picardi  A,  Santarone  S,  et al:  Haploidentical,  G-CSF-primed,   Ruggeri A, Labopin M, Sanz G, et al: Comparison of outcomes after unrelated
           unmanipulated bone marrow transplantation for patients with high-risk   cord blood and unmanipulated haploidentical stem cell transplantation in
           hematological malignancies: an update. Bone Marrow Transplant 50(Suppl   adults with acute leukemia. Leukemia 29(9):1891–1900, 2015.
           2):S24, 2015.                                      Ruggeri A, Roth-Guepin G, Battipaglia G, et al: Incidence and risk factors
        Bramanti S, Nocco A, Mauro E, et al: Desensitization with plasma exchange   for  hemorrhagic  cystitis  in  unmanipulated  haploidentical  transplant
           in  a  patient  with  human  leukocyte  antigen  donor-specific  antibod-  recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 17:822, 2015.
           ies  before  T-cell–replete  haploidentical  transplantation.  Transfusion   Solomon SR, Sizemore CA, Sanacore M, et al: Total body irradiation-based
           56(5):1096–1100, 2016.                                myeloablative haploidentical stem cell transplantation is a safe and effec-
        Chen  H,  Liu  KY,  Xu  LP,  et al:  Haploidentical  hematopoietic  stem  cell   tive  alternative  to  unrelated  donor  transplantation  in  patients  without
           transplantation  without  in  vitro T  cell  depletion  for  the  treatment  of   matched sibling donors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21:1299, 2015.
           Philadelphia  chromosome–positive  acute  lymphoblastic  leukemia.  Biol   Stokes J, Hoffman EA, Zeng Y, et al: Post-transplant bendamustine reduces
           Blood Marrow Transplant 21:1110, 2015.                GvHD while preserving GvL in experimental haploidentical bone marrow
        Ciurea SO, Thall PF, Milton DR, et al: Complement-binding donor-specific   transplantation. Br J Haematol 174(1):102–116, 2016.
           anti-HLA antibodies and risk of primary graft failure in hematopoietic   Tang BL, Zhu XY, Zheng CC, et al: Successful early unmanipulated haploi-
           stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21(8):1392–1398,   dentical transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning for primary
           2015.                                                 graft failure after cord blood transplantation in hematologic malignancy
        Ciurea SO, Zhang MJ, Bacigalupo AA, et al: Haploidentical transplant with   patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 50(2):248–252, 2015.
           posttransplant cyclophosphamide vs matched unrelated donor transplant   Wang  Y,  Liu  QF,  Xu  LP,  et al:  Haploidentical  vs  identical-sibling  trans-
           for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 126(8):1033–1040, 2015.  plant  for  AML  in  remission:  a  multicenter,  prospective  study.  Blood
        Crocchiolo R, Bramanti S, Vai A, et al: Infections after T-replete haploidenti-  125(25):3956–3962, 2015.
           cal transplantation and high-dose cyclophosphamide as graft-versus-host
           disease prophylaxis. Transpl Infect Dis 17:242, 2015.
        Crucitti L, Crocchiolo R, Toffalori C, et al: Incidence, risk factors and clinical   REFERENCES
           outcome  of  leukemia  relapses  with  loss  of  the  mismatched  HLA  after
           partially incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia   For the complete list of references, log on to www.expertconsult.com.
           29(5):1143–1152, 2015.
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