Page 1922 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill

Index 1349

Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, 294 Observational studies, 45 venous, 243–244, 244t
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, in glycemic control, 143 Oxygen, sickle cell disease and, 912
302–305 Obstructive jaundice, 999 Oxygen countercurrent exchange, 1037
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Obstructive shock, 258
(NSAIDS), acute renal failure Occupational health, intensive-care unit P
and, 921–922 and, 30 Pacemaker and defibrillator infections, 598
Nonthyroidal illness syndrome, thyroid Oculocephalic reflex, 834 Pacing modality, choice of, 290
disease and, 987 Oculovestibular reflexes, 834 Paclitaxel, 897
Nonvariceal hemorrhage, 1014–1018 Odontoid fractures, 1147 Pain assessment and management, in
No-reflow phenomenon, 1038 Ogilvie syndrome, pathogenesis of, 1007 palliative care, 122–123
Normal colonizing flora as host defense, 704 Olanzapine, 153 Palliative care
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Normothermia, maintaining, 840 Omega-3 fatty acids, 138–139 in intensive-care units, 120–123,
Nosocomial sinusitis, 686 Omsk hemorrhagic fever, 738 121f, 124t
Nuclear scintigraphy, 219, 219f Oncologic emergencies, 872–881 interface between end-of-life care, critical
Null hypothesis, 47 cardiac tamponade, 880, 880f care and, 121
Number needed to treat (NNT), 46 leukostasis, 878–879 pain assessment and management
Nurses, bedside, 19–21 metabolic, 877–878, 878f in, 122–123
Nursing staffing ratios in intensive-care neurologic, 875–877, 875t, 876t spiritual support in, 122–123
unit, 24 respiratory, 873–874, 873f Pancreatic injuries, 1163
Nutrition, 1046–1047 superior vena cava syndrome, Pancreatic pseudocyst, 1163
in acute pancreatitis, 1034 879–880, 879f Papilledema, 799
in critically ill, 132–141 Open heart surgery, cardiac surgery Paradoxical gas embolism, 1321
achieving access, 136 emergencies and, 1067–1077, 1068f, Paraganglioma, 1076
assessing tolerance, 136 1071f, 1073t, 1074f, 1076t, 1077t Paralysis/paresis, after thoracic aortic
importance of maintaining Open intensive-care unit, 16 surgery, 1072
gastrointestinal integrity, 135 Open pneumothorax, 1154–1155, 1155f Paramyxoviridae, 674
readiness for enteral nutrition, 135 Opioids, 1219 Paranasal sinusitis, 658
relationship of gastrointestinal tract, Opportunistic filamentous fungal Parapneumonic effusions, 583
immune system, and ischemia/ infections, 619 Parathyroid crisis, 960
reperfusion injury, 133, 133f, Opportunistic infections, 640–641 Parenteral nutrition
134f, 135 Opportunity costs, 40 maximizing benefits and minimizing risks
screening and assessment, 135–136 Oral direct thrombin inhibitors, of, 140–141
strategies to maximize benefits and 849, 855 role of, 139–140
minimize risks of enteral nutrition, Organ dysfunction in sepsis, 565–566 sepsis and, 574
136–141 Organ failure, management of, and Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis,
in head injury, 1136–1137 treatment-related complications, 1000–1001
glycemic control in, 1136–1137 864–865 Pareto, Vilfredo, 38f
thyroid function in, 1137 Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, Pareto optimal, 38
obesity and, 1310 1219–1220, 1219t Parotitis, suppurative, 669f, 683
in pregnancy, 1269 Organophosphate toxicity, 828 Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, 1127
sepsis and, 574 Organ perfusion pressure, 242 Passive leg raising (PLR), 264
spinal injuries and, 1151 Organ systems Passive range of motion, 163
assessment of perfusion, 252–253 Pathogens, 742
O individual, 260–261 preventing transmission of, between
Obesity pathophysiology of shock, 260–261 intensive-care unit personnel and
cardiovascular effects and, 1306–1307 Organ transplantation. See specific organ patients, 28–30, 29t
drug dosing and, 1310 Oropharyngeal mucosal and esophageal Pathophysiology of circulation in critical
nutritional support and, 1310 infections, 615–616 illness, 228–241, 229f, 230f, 231ft,
pulmonary effects and, 1307–1308 Oropharynx, 404 233f, 234f, 236t, 238f, 239f,
respiratory failure and, 1308–1309, 1309f Orotracheal intubation, 388–389 240ft, 241f
vascular access and, 1310 Orthomyxoviridae, 673–674 Patient health record (PHR), 55
weight loss and, 1311 Osler nodes, 1299, 1299f Patients
Obesity epidemic, 1305–1311 Osmolality, 944 with coagulation or platelet disorders, 332
defining, 1305 Osmotic demyelination syndrome, 950 diagnostic approach to sepsis, 566–567
magnitude of problem, 1305–1306, 1306f Osmotic edema, 794 ensuring all receive therapy, 33
management of respiratory failure, Ossification, heterotopic, 109, 109f monitoring of, in interventional
1308–1309, 1309f Osteogenesis imperfecta, 1062 radiology, 209
physiologic effects of extreme, 1306–1308, Osteoporosis, 327 preventing transmission of pathogens
1306t Otitis externa, malignant, 686 between intensive-care unit
cardiovascular effects, 1306–1307 Outcome measures, 39–40 personnel and, 28–30, 29t
pulmonary effects, 1307–1308 Outcome validated, 13 Patient safety
problems in delivery of critical care, Oxazolidinones, 548, 548t integrated approach to, 36
1310, 1310t Oxidant injury, 454 taxonomy of, 33–36, 34t, 35f
weight loss and, 1311 Oximetry Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
Obscure bleeding, 1020–1021 arterial pulse, 242–243, 243f (1988), 128
lesions associated with, 1021 tissue, 244–245 Patient-ventilator synchrony, 432, 432f, 435

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