Page 768 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

752 Index

Leukemias (Continued) monoblast, 172 membrane characteristics and development,
acute myeloid leukemias (AML), 384–398 morphological characteristics, 172 200, 200t

vs. lymphomas, 416, 416t production, 170 monoclonal antibodies, 199–200
Leukemias and lymphomas neutrophils movement, 176, 176–177 natural killer cells, 198–199
acute/chronic, 372 nonmalignant disorders lymphocytes, 198
chemical and drug exposure, 375 granulocytes, abnormalities cytomegalovirus in ection

classi cations o Alder-Reilly inclusions, 340t, 343, 343 clinical signs and symptoms, 360
French-American-British (FAB) classi ca- body uids, 344 epidemiology, 359–360
tion, 373 Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, 340t, etiology, 359
world health organization classi cation, 373 342–343, 343 laboratory data, 360

demographic distribution o döhle bodies, 340t, 341, 342 development sites
ethnic origin and race, 377–378, 378t ehrlichia, 340t, 341–342, 342 primary lymphoid tissue, 189, 189
gender, 378 hypersegmentation, 339, 339t, 341, 341 secondary lymphoid tissue, 189–190,
non-Hodgkin type, 377, 377t May-Hegglin anomaly, 340t, 342, 342 190–191

environmental exposure, 375 Pelger-Huët anomaly, 339t, 341, 341 eatures, 589
orms o , 372 pyknotic nucleus, 339t, 341 unctional testing, 201
genetic abnormalities and associations, 375–376 toxic granulation, 339t, 341, 341 in ectious lymphocytosis, 361–362
genetic and immunological actors, 373–375 vacuoles, 340t, 342 in ectious mononucleosis

leukemias, secondary causes o , 376–377 qualitative characteristic antibody ormation, 359, 359t
and myelomas, comparison o , 372, 372t anomalies, neutrophils, 344 classic Downey classi cation o , 358, 358t
occupational exposure, 375 body uids, 344 clinical signs and symptoms, 357–358
potential predisposing actors or, 373, 373t de ective locomotion and chemotaxis, EBV, 356–357, 357, 359, 359

prognosis and treatment, 373 343–344 epidemiology, 356–357, 358
viral agents, 376 leukocytosis, 337t, 338–339 etiology, 356, 357
Leukemoid reaction, 455 microbicidal activity de ects, 344 laboratory data, 358–359, 358t, 359, 359t
Leukocyte abnormalities, 478 monocyte-macrophage, 344–346 kinetics

Leukocyte adhesion de ciency (LAD), 340t, quantitative li e span, 190
343–344 causes, 336 proli eration, 190–191
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), 454 leukocytopenia, 337t, 338–339 recirculation, 191–192
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) test, 217 leukocytosis, 336–338, 337t vessels and nodes, 191, 192

Leukocyte dif erential count PAS, 689, 689–690 morphology
buf y coat smears preparation, 673–674 plasma cell maturational stages, 193–196, 195–196
clinical applications, 674 development, 202, 202–203 variations, 196, 196–197
principle, 672 maturation, 203, 203 nonmalignant conditions, 355

procedure, 672–673, 673t recruitment pattern, 175 nonmalignant disorders o , 355, 355t
quality control, 672 re erence ranges and variations, 172–173, 173t, normal re erence values, 192–193, 193t
specimen, 672 174t physiology, 189, 192
Leukocytes (see also Lymphocytes) semiquantitative assessment, 220 reactive lymphocytosis, 361–362

assessment, quantitative sur ace markers, 169 recirculation, 191–192
absolute cell counts, 217, 217b Leukocytopenia, 216 relative number, 193
dif erential blood smear evaluation, 217b basopenia, 337t, 339 toxoplasmosis
eosinophils and basophils, 217 eosinopenia, 337t, 339 clinical signs and symptoms, 361

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 218 monocytopenia, 337t, 339 epidemiology, 361
leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) test, neutropenia, 337t, 338–339 etiology, 360
217 Leukocytosis, 216 laboratory data, 361
neutrophilic unction, 217 basophilia, 337–338, 337t Lymphocytic leukemias, 373

neutrophilic hypersegmentation index, 217 eosinophilia, 337t, 338 Lymphocytopenia, 193, 354, 362
total leukocyte count, 216–217 granulopoietic alterations, 336 acquired immunode ciency syndrome (HIV/
cytochemical staining method hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes, 338 AIDS)
acid phosphatase, 686 monocytosis, 337t, 338 clinical signs and symptoms, 363–365, 364

alkaline phosphatase, 686–687, 687 neutrophilia, 336–337, 337t disease progression, 365
dif erential count Leukoerythroblastosis, 174 epidemiology, 363
principle, 221 Leukopenia, 216, 358 etiology, 33
“shi to the le ” terminology, 223 Leukostasis, 391 HIV virus, 362, 363

specimen, 221–223 Levey-Jennings chart, 18, 18 laboratory data, 365
endothelium, 176 Light ampli ed by stimulated emission o radiation serological markers, 365–366
unction (LASER), 620 DiGeorge syndrome, 362
acute in ammatory response, 174–175, 175 Light scatter characteristics, 620 systemic lupus erythematosus

characteristics, 174 Lipid bilayer, 59 antibody tests, 366–367
macrophage role, 174 Loeys-Dietz syndrome, 507 etiology, signs and symptoms, 366
granulocytes Loop-mediated isothermal ampli cation (LAMP), laboratory data, 366
development, 165, 165 657 LE cell preparation, 366

distribution, 165–166 Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), 537 lymphocyte subsets, 367
granulation, 168–169 Luebering–Rapoport pathway, 115 Lymphocytosis, 193, 355–356
maturation, 165, 165 Lumbar puncture, specimen collection, 586, 586t Lymphoid tissues, 189, 189–190, 190–191
mature orms, 168 Lupus anticoagulant (LA), 568–569 Lymphomas

production, 164–165 Lymphadenopathy, 372 Burkitt’s lymphoma, 431–432, 432
lymphocytes Lymphoblasts, 97, 193, 195 classi cations, 427, 427t, 428t
anatomical origin and development, Lymphocyte recirculation, 191 epidemiology, 427–428
189–193, 189–193 Lymphocytes, 97, 98 actors associated with lymphoid neoplasms,

characteristics, 197, 197–201, 199t, 201t absolute number, 193 426, 427b
morphology, 193–197, 194–196, 195t Bordetella pertussis (Haemophilus pertussis) laboratory analysis, 428
manual cell counting, 210, 211t in ection, 362 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 440–441, 441
monocytes causes o , 355, 356t non-hodgkin lymphomas (NHL)

development, 169–170 characteristics o , 354–355, 355t, 356t in children, 428
maturation, 172 B lymphocytes, 198 dif use large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 431