Page 772 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

756 Index

Pleural uid (Continued) Prothrombin group, 528 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
pleura anatomy, 592, 592 Prothrombin time (P ), 534–535, 697–698, 698t ( P), 513

pleural ef usion, 593, 593, 593b Protooncogenes, 73, 374 thrombocytosis, 515–516
Pluripotential stem cells, 482, 484, 493 Prussian blue staining method, 690
Poikilocytosis, 143, 147, 220 Pseudo-von Willebrand’s disease, 556 R
Polychromasia, 214 Pseudopods, 98 Radio requency (RF), 620

Polychromatic normoblast, 108 (see also Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), 507–508 Reactive lymphocytosis, 361–362
Rubricyte) P (see Prothrombin time) Reactive neutrophilia, 337
Polychromatophilia, 111, 111, 149, 214 Pulmonary alveolar macrophages, 171–172 Reactive thrombocytosis, 516
Polychromatophilia/polychromasia, 214 Punctate stippling, 150, 151 Real-time PCR (R -PCR), 657

Polycythemia, 111 Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), 249–250 Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), 654, 657
Polycythemia vera (PV) Purpura, 504, 561 Red blood cell indices
chemotherapy treatment, 463 Push-Wedge method immature reticulocyte raction (IRF), 216
clinical signs and symptoms, 461, 461b blood smear mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), 213, 676

complications, 463 causes, 48 mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
epidemiology, 460 ideal blood smear, 48 (MCHC), 213–214, 676
etiology, 460 visual evaluation, 48 mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 212, 676
hemostasis and coagulation, abnormalities o , procedure, 46–48 normal bone marrow activity, 216

462 smear, 48 red cell distribution width (RDW), 214
karyotype, 461 specimen, 46 reticulated hemoglobin content (CHr), 216
laboratory data, 461–462, 462 supplies and equipment, 46 reticulocyte count, 676
myeloproli erative disorders, 519 PV (see Polycythemia vera) absolute, 215–216

pathophysiology, 460–461 Pyknocytes, 146, 147 clinical applications, 678
phlebotomy treatment, 463, 463 Pyknotic nucleus, 339t, 341 corrected, 215
and polycythemia, 462–463, 463t Pyrosequencing, 660 error, sources o , 678
prognosis, 463 Pyruvate kinase, 300 Miller ocular disc, 677

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Pyruvate kinase (PK) de ciency, 300 principle, 676
allele-speci c oligonucleotide PCR (ASO-PCR), procedure, 677
657 Q reticulocyte hemoglobin assay, 216
amplicons and amplicon control measures, 655 Qualitative dif erential solubility test, reticulocyte production index (RPI), 215

consensus primer, 657 Hb S, 683 Red blood cell morphology, 145t–146t
DNA ampli cation, 655, 656, 657t Quality control (QC) Red cell distribution width (RDW), 214, 624
enzymatic process, 656, 656t accuracy, 15, 16 Reed-Sternberg cells, 427, 432
limitations, 655, 655b arithmetic mean, 16 Re ractory anemia (RA), 480

nested primers, 656–657 calibration, 15 Re ractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB-1 and
quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), 657 changes, classi cation o , 18, 19 RAEB-2), 480
real-time PCR (R -PCR), 657 coe cient o variation (CV), 17–18 Re ractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARSs),
target sequence, 655–656 computed-based, 18–19 480, 480

Polymorphism, 72 con dence, 18 Relapse, 384
Porphyrin synthesis, 127 control specimens, 15 Relative number, lymphocytes, 193
Power unctions, 19 dispersion, 18 Relative polycythemia, 111
Precision, 16, 16 documentation, 15 Restriction ragment length polymorphism

Pregnancy-associated thrombosis, 566 dri , 18 (RFLP), 661, 662
Prekallikrein (PKK) de ciency, 559 requency distribution, 19 Reticulated hemoglobin content (CHr), 216
Primary myelo brosis (PMF) histogram, 19 Reticulocyte count, 214–215, 676–678
cellular alterations, 465, 465b Levey-Jennings chart, 18, 18 Reticulocytes, 105, 149, 150, 214–215, 635, 635t

bone marrow, 465 mean, 16 Reticulocytopenia, 249
erythrocytes, 465, 465 median, 16 Reticulocytosis, 215
leukocytes, 465 mode, 16 Retrovirus, 376
platelets, 465 precision, 16, 16 Reverse transcriptase, 376

clinical signs and symptoms, 464–465 pro ciency testing, 16 Rh disease, 298
null
epidemiology, 464 purpose, 15 Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 62, 63, 67
karyotype, 464 quantitative data analysis, 16 Ribosomes, 62–63
myeloproli erative disorders, 519 standard deviation (SD), 17 Rieder cells, 196

pathophysiology, 464 standards, 16 Romanowsky-type stains, 50
prognosis, 465–466 trend, 18 Rouleaux ormation, 152, 152, 218
treatment, 466 variance, 17 RQ-PCR (see Real-time quantitative PCR)
Primers, 656 variation measurement, 16–18 R -PCR (see Real-time PCR)

Primitive hematopoiesis, 82 Westgard rules, 19–20, 20b Rubella, 510
Procoagulant activity, 529 Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), 657 (see also Real-time Rubriblast, 107, 108
Pro ciency testing, 16 quantitative PCR) Rubricyte, 108–109, 109
Progenitor blood cells, 90–91 Quantitative platelet disorders Russell’s bodies, 203, 203

Progenitor cells, 452 thrombocytopenia
Prognosis, 65 destruction/utilization, disorders o , S
Proli erative compartment, bone marrow, 165, 165 510–512, 511 Sa ety Data Sheets (SDSs), 3
Proli erative phase, 165 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HI ), Sample, 624

Prolymphocyte, 193, 195 510–512, 511 Sanger method, 659
Prolymphocytic leukemia, 422, 424 immune thrombocytopenia, 512–513, 512t Sarcoidosis, 510
Promyelocyte, 165–167, 167 intravascular coagulation, 513 Schistocytes, 146, 147
Pronormoblast, 107, 108 (see also Rubriblast) pathophysiologic classi cation, 509, 509b Schizocytes, 146, 147

Prophase, 68, 68b platelet distribution and dilution, disorders Schizogonic cycle, 153
Prorubricyte, 107–108, 108 o , 513–514 Schizogony, 153
Protamine sul ate assay, 697 platelet actor, 510, 511 Schizont, 154
Protein C, 541–543, 542, 543t, 551 platelets, increased utilization o , 512–513 Scurvy, 508

Protein S, 544, 544t posttrans usion thrombocytopenia, 514 Sea-blue histiocytosis, 346
Protein S (PS) systems, 561 production, disorders o , 509–510, 509b Secondary polycythemia, 106