Page 107 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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12
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Bacterial Vaccines

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CHAPTER C ONTENT S

Principles of Bacterial Vaccines
Self-Assessment Questions
Active Immunity
Practice Questions: USMLE & Course Examinations
Passive Immunity

PRINCIPLES OF BACTERIAL
protection. This approach is described later in the section
VACCINES immediate protection and a vaccine to provide long-term
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Bacterial vaccines are composed of capsular polysaccha- mebooksfree.com
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on tetanus antitoxin.
Bacterial diseases can be prevented by using immuniza-
Active Immunity
tions that induce either active or passive immunity. Active
immunity is induced by vaccines prepared from bacteria or
their products. This chapter presents a summary of the
rides, inactivated protein exotoxins (toxoids), killed bacte-
ria, or live, attenuated bacteria. The available bacterial
types of vaccines (Table 12–1); detailed information regard-
vaccines and their indications are described next.
ing each vaccine is located in the chapters on the specific
Table 12–2 lists the bacterial (and viral) vaccines recom-
organisms. Passive immunity is provided by the adminis-
tration of preformed antibody in preparations called
mended for children from 0 to 6 years of age as of 2011.
immune globulins. The immune globulins useful against
Advice regarding vaccines for travelers can be found at the
Web site for the Centers for Disease Control and Preven-
bacterial diseases are described later. Passive–active immu-
tion: www.cdc.gov/travel.
nity involves giving both immune globulins to provide
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TABLE 12–1 Current Bacterial Vaccines
Disease
Usage
Antigen
Bacterium
Common usage
Diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Toxoid
Tetanus

Toxoid
Clostridium tetani
Bordetella pertussis
Acellular (purified proteins) or killed organisms
Pertussis (whooping cough)

Capsular polysaccharide conjugated to carrier protein
Meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae
Capsular polysaccharide or capsular polysaccharide
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumonia
conjugated to carrier protein

conjugated to a carrier protein
Salmonella typhi
Special situations Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis Capsular polysaccharide or capsular polysaccharide
Typhoid fever
Live organisms or capsular polysaccharide
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Killed organisms
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae

Yersinia pestis
Plague
Killed organisms
Partially purified proteins

Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Live organisms
Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)
Tuberculosis

Tularemia
Francisella tularensis

Live organisms
Rickettsia prowazekii
Typhus

Killed organisms

Killed organisms
Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
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