Page 188 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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E
A
P
T
C
R
H
Gram-Negative Rods
Related to Animal Sources
(Zoonotic Organisms)

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CHAPTER C ONTENT S

Introduction
Self-Assessment Questions
Brucella
Francisella
Summaries of Organisms
Yersinia
Practice Questions: USMLE & Course Examinations
Pasteurella

INTRODUCTION
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Zoonoses are human diseases caused by organisms that
Disease
are acquired from animals. There are bacterial, viral,
Brucella species cause brucellosis (undulant fever).
fungal, and parasitic zoonoses. Some zoonotic organisms
are acquired directly from the animal reservoir, whereas
Important Properties
others are transmitted by vectors, such as mosquitoes,
fleas, or ticks.
Brucellae are small gram-negative rods without a capsule.
There are four medically important gram-negative rods
The three major human pathogens and their animal reser-
that have significant animal reservoirs: Brucella species,
voirs are Brucella melitensis (goats and sheep), Brucella
Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, and Pasteurella multo-
cida (Table 20–1).
Additional information regarding the clinical aspects of
Pathogenesis & Epidemiology
infections caused by the organisms in this chapter is pro- abortus (cattle), and Brucella suis (pigs).
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The organisms enter the body either by ingestion of con-
vided in Part IX entitled Infectious Diseases beginning on
taminated milk products or through the skin by direct
page 593.
TABLE 20–1 Gram-Negative Rods Associated with Animal Sources
Mode of Transmission from
Species
Inflection
Animal to Human
Dairy products; contact with
Serology or culture
Brucellosis
Pigs, cattle, goats, sheep
Brucella species
animal tissues
Francisella tularensis
Rodents
Immunofluorescence or
Plague
Flea bite
Yersinia pestis Tularemia Rabbits, deer, ticks Contact with animal tissues; ticks Serology
culture
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Cats, dogs
Pasteurella multocida
Cellulitis
Wound culture
Cat or dog bite
Serology or Warthin-Starry
Bartonella henselae
Cats
Cat scratch or bite; bite of cat
Cat-scratch disease and
flea
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