Page 400 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com (C) After infection with HIV, antibodies to the virus can be mebooksfree.com
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CHAPTER 45 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
389
TABLE 45–4 Drugs Used for the Prevention of
detected before the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test can
Opportunistic Infections in AIDS Patients
detect nucleic acids specific to HIV.
Infection Prevented
Name of Drug
(D) Because false-positive results occur in the screening test for
HIV, a confirmatory test called the Western blot assay should
Trimethoprim-
1. Pneumocystis pneumonia
be performed for those with a positive result on the screen-
sulfamethoxazole
2. Toxoplasmosis
ing test.
Fluconazole
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which one of
Thrush caused by C. albicans
Clotrimazole
the following is most accurate?
Retinitis caused by cytomegalovirus
Ganciclovir Cryptococcal meningitis 4. Regarding the mode of action of drugs used in the treatment of
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com (C) Zidovudine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits messenger RNA mebooksfree.com
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(A) Maraviroc acts by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase in the
Azithromycin
Mycobacterium avian complex
virion.
(MAC) infection
(B) Raltegravir inhibits the integration of HIV DNA into host cell
DNA.
(mRNA) synthesis of HIV.
ganciclovir to prevent recurrences of retinitis caused by
(D) Ritonavir acts by binding to the Tat protein, which prevents
cytomegalovirus, and oral preparations of antifungal
budding and release of the HIV virion.
drugs, such as clotrimazole, to prevent thrush caused by
(E) Lamivudine is a “chain-terminating” drug because it inhibits
C. albicans.
the growing polypeptide chain by causing misreading of the
viral mRNA.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which one of
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 5. Regarding the adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of
the following is most likely to cause bone marrow suppression?
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com 6. Regarding the adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of mebooksfree.com
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(A) Lamivudine
1. Regarding the structure and replication of human immuno-
(B) Lopinavir
deficiency virus (HIV), which one of the following is most
(C) Nevirapine
accurate?
(D) Maraviroc
(A) Viral mRNA is the template for the synthesis of the genome
(E) Zidovudine
RNA.
(B) During entry of HIV into the cell, the viral p24 protein inter-
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which one of
acts with the CD4 protein on the cell surface.
the following is most likely to cause lipodystrophy (i.e., abnormal
(C) HIV contains an integrase within the virion that integrates cop-
fat deposits)?
ies of the viral genome into the progeny virions.
(A) Lamivudine
(D) HIV has an enzyme in the virion that synthesizes double-
(B) Lopinavir
stranded DNA using the single-stranded genome RNA as the
(C) Nevirapine
template.
(D) Maraviroc
(E) The HIV genome encodes a protease that cleaves cellular ribo- 7. Regarding the adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment
(E) Zidovudine
somal proteins, resulting in the inhibition of cell-specific pro-
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com 8. Which of the following modes of transmission of human immu- mebooksfree.com
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tein synthesis.
of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which
2. Regarding clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus
one of the following is most likely to cause Stevens-Johnson
(HIV), which one of the following is most accurate?
syndrome?
(A) During the primary infection with HIV, Pneumocystis pneu-
(A) Lamivudine
monia commonly occurs.
(B) Lopinavir
(B) During the long asymptomatic period that can last for years, no
(C) Nevirapine
HIV is synthesized.
(D) Maraviroc
(C) During the period when many opportunistic infections occur,
(E) Zidovudine
HIV usually cannot be detected in the blood.
(D) The antibody response to a primary HIV infection usually is
nodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs significantly MORE often than
detected within 7 to 10 days after infection.
the others?
(E) People with a high level of viral RNA in their plasma are more
(B) During childbirth
likely to have symptomatic AIDS (i.e., opportunistic infections) (A) Direct skin contact
than those with low levels. 9. Your patient is a 25-year-old man who was just found to be
(C) Fecal–oral route
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com sorbent assay (ELISA) and a positive Western blot test. His CD4 mebooksfree.com
3. Regarding the laboratory diagnosis of human immunodeficiency
(D) Respiratory aerosols
virus (HIV), which one of the following is most accurate?
(A) The initial screening of blood for antibodies to HIV is done by
infected with HIV based on a positive enzyme-linked immuno-
the complement fixation test.
count is 125, and his viral load is 7000. He has not received any
(B) Viral load is the term used to describe the amount of infectious
antiretroviral medications. Which one of the following is the best
virus produced by the patient’s CD4-positive T lymphocytes in
cell culture.
regimen to treat his infection?
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