Page 21 - Ranger SPM 2022 - Science

Science SPM Chapter 10 Chemicals in Medicine and Health

Modern Medicines

Antibiotics Analgesics Psychotherapeutics
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• A group of medicines • A group of medicines • A group of medicines
used to kill bacteria or used for pain relief. used to treat psychiatric
inhibit their growth. • Examples include aspirin, patients.
• Important in the treatment paracetamol and codeine. • The three types of
of infectious diseases. • Aspirin is used to relieve drugs are stimulants,
• Normally produced from headaches but it is not antidepressants and
microorganisms such as suitable for children or antipsychotics.
fungi or bacteria. gastric patients as it is • Stimulants stimulate
• Examples include acidic. and activate the brain Form 4
penicillin (obtained • Paracetamol is used activity, body and feeling
from the fungus to replace aspirin for of the patient. Examples
Penicillium notatum) and children. include amphetamine and
streptomycin (obtained • Codeine is a stronger methamphetamine.
from the bacteria analgesic than aspirin or • Antidepressants manage
Streptomyces griseus). paracetamol. Continuous depression and anxiety.
use of codeine can lead Examples are imipramine
to addiction. and amitriptyline.
• Antipsychotics manage
psychotic disorders. An
example is haloperidol.

Complementary Medicines

Acupuncture Chiropractic therapy
Treat patients by Chiropractors treat
inserting thin needles patients using their hands
into acupuncture points, to adjust and realign
based on the theory of bones and joints.
meridians.

Herbal therapy Traditional massage

Treat patients using plants Improves blood circulation
or plant parts that have to relieve pain by
medicinal value. massaging the affected
part of body.

Homeopathy
Treat patient using natural remedies to
stimulate healing and boost immunity.

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