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Nouns Singular and Plural Nouns

A noun is the name of a person, animal, thing or Singular Nouns
place. The following are types of nouns:
A singular noun refers to one item.
e.g. a man, one goat, a tree, the park

Nouns
Plural Nouns
Proper Nouns (specif c names) A plural noun refers to two or more
than two items.
e.g. Eric, Lucky, Proton Saga, Johor Bahru,
Deepavali, August, Thursday, Christian, India e.g. two men, five goats, many trees,
those parks
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Common Nouns (common names)
The following are rules for the formation of plural nouns:
Countable / Uncountable / 1 Add -s
Count Nouns Mass Nouns e.g. girls, cups, cats, stems
i) Singular nouns i) Abstract nouns
(concrete) e.g. joy, sadness, 2 Add -es to nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -x, -s
e.g. branch – branches, brush – brushes,
e.g. woman, rat, friendship, truth fox – foxes, class – classes
desk, bank
ii) Plural nouns ii) Concrete nouns 3 Nouns ending in -o take -es. But some of them
(concrete) e.g. mud, wool, take -s only.
e.g. women, rats, butter, juice e.g. tomato – tomatoes, potato – potatoes
desks, banks radio – radios, kangaroo – kangaroos

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Quantif ers Pronouns

Quantif ers for Countable Nouns A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.
e.g. John is a friendly boy. He is my best
friend.
a / an
• for one item only Subject Pronouns
e.g. a pupil, a spider, an iron, an office e.g. I, he, they
Personal
Pronouns
a few / a small number of / several / * some Object Pronouns
• more than two items/not many e.g. me, him, them
e.g. a few children, a small number of sweets,
several chairs, some books
Possessive Adjectives
Types e.g. my, his, their
many / a large number of / * a lot of / * plenty of of
• in big quantities Pronouns Possessive Pronouns
e.g. many people, a large number of stocks, e.g. mine, his, theirs
a lot of flowers, plenty of shops
Reflexive Pronouns
e.g. myself, himself, themselves
* any / many
" • used mainly in questions or negative sentences Relative Pronouns
e.g. Are there any magazines in the library?
e.g. who, whom, whose, which
There aren’t any magazines in the library.
How many apples are left in the basket? Demonstrative Pronouns / Adjectives
There aren’t many apples left in the basket. e.g. this, that, these, those

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