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Ref exive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns /
Demonstrative Adjectives

Reflexive pronouns are also known as ‘self’ This, that, these and those are known as
pronouns as all of them end in -self (singular ‘demonstrative pronouns’ or ‘demonstrative
form) or -selves (plural form). adjectives’. They are used with or without nouns.
This (singular) and these (plural) refer to people or
A reflexive pronoun is used:
things that are close to the speaker. That (singular)
1 when the subject and object in a sentence are and those (plural) refer to people or things that are
the same. further away from the speaker.
e.g. i) They only think about themselves.
ii) The dog is scratching itself.
This is my pencil. (pronoun)
2 to emphasise a noun or a pronoun. This is my pencil. (pronoun)
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This pencil is mine. (adjective)
e.g. i) The girl goes to school by herself. This pencil is mine. (adjective)
ii) He himself told Grace. / He told Grace
himself.
That is an aeroplane. (pronoun)
That is an aeroplane. (pronoun)
Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Look at that aeroplane. (adjective)
Look at that aeroplane. (adjective)
I myself 15 15
14 14 0 0 14 14 15 15 0 0
13 13 12 12 13 13 15 15
you yourself/yourselves 10 10 11 11 12 12 10 10 1 1 11 11 12 12 1 1 13 13 14 14 0 0
9 9 2 2 9 9 2 2 11 11 1 1
8 8 8 8 7 7 8 8 3 3 9 9 10 10 2 2 These are new rulers. (pronouns)
we ourselves 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 4 5 4 6 5 6 5 4 5 4 5 7 7 6 6 4646 3 3 7 7 3 3 These are new rulers. (pronoun)
These rulers are new. (adjectives)
0 cm 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 These rulers are new. (adjective)
they themselves 0 cm 1 0 cm 0 cm 1 6 6 0 cm 0 cm 1 6 1 6 6 6
he himself
Those are coconut trees. (pronoun)
she herself Those are coconut trees. (pronoun)
Those coconut trees are tall. (adjectives)
it itself Those coconut trees are tall. (adjectives)
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The Simple Present Tense The Present Continuous Tense

The simple present tense is used: The present continuous tense is used:
i) to show a repeated or habitual action. i) to show an action that is going on at the time
e.g. Nina goes to bed at ten every night. of speaking.
ii) to state a fact or general truth. e.g. The phone is ringing now.
e.g. Cows live on grass. They are doing their homework now.
ii) to express a planned future action.
e.g. Mr Lee is flying to England tomorrow.
Subject Verb Example We are going for a picnic next Sunday.

I Subject Verb Example
You • I usually go fishing I am • I am studying
alone.
We base form now.
• Babies cry when You
They they feel hungry. We
Plural nouns They are + -ing • The managers are
having a meeting
Plural nouns form at the moment.

He • He usually goes
fishing alone. He
She +-s/-es/-ies
• The baby cries She • He is planning a
It when he/she feels is
" It trip to Europe next
Singular nouns hungry. Singular nouns month.

Time expressions: every day/week..., always, Time expressions: now, at the moment , at
often, usually, sometimes, etc. present, tomorrow, next year/holiday..., etc.

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